考虑到居民地的行政等级、位置特征、面积大小等因素对居民地选取的影响,提出了基于层析分析法的面状居民地自动选取方法。首先对影响居民地重要性的因素标准化;然后采用层次分析法对这些因素构建单个居民地层次结构模型,使这些因素加以关联;在此基础上,计算各因素的权值,并综合评价地图上单个居民地要素的重要性程度;最终利用开方根模型完成居民地的选取。该方法将定性分析和定量分析相结合,综合考虑不同因素对居民地重要性影响程度的差别,使权值分配更科学。试验证明,该方法选取的结果符合选取原则,较好地解决了居民地选取问题。
Considering the influencing factors in habitation selection, such as its administrative scale, location feature, area size and so on, a new method of areal habitation auto-selection was proposed based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Firstly, standardize the factors influencing the importance of habitation; then adopt the AHP method to construct hierarchical structure model for one habitation by using these factors, and make these factors correlate with each other; on this basis, the weight of each factors was calculated and the importance of each habitation on the map was comprehensively evaluated; finally, use square root model to complete the habitation selection. The proposed method combined the qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, and synthetically take into account the difference that different factors have different influence on habitation importance, which improved the scientificalness of weights allocation. Experiment showed that the selecting results of this method are in conformity with the selection rules, and solved the problem of which to choose in the habitation selection.
[1] 王家耀. 普通地图制图综合原理[M]. 北京:测绘出版社, 1992. WANG Jiayao.Principles of Cartographic Generalization of Map[M]. Beijing:Surveying and Mapping Press, 1992.
[2] LANGRAN G E, POIKER T K. Integration of Name Selection and Name Placement[C]//Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Spattat Data Handling. Seattle:[s.n.],1986:50-64.
[3] MARC V K, RENE V O. Efficient Settlement Selection for Interactive Display[C]//Proceedings of Auto-Carto 13:ACSM/ASPRS Annual Convention Technical Papers. Seattle:[s.n.],1997:287-296.
[4] 邓红艳, 武芳, 钱海忠, 等. 基于遗传算法的点群目标选取模型[J]. 中国图象图形学报, 2003, 8(8):970-976. DENG Hongyan, WU Fang, QIAN Haizhong, et al. A Model of Point Cluster Selection Based on Genetic Algorithms[J]. Journal of Image and Graphics, 2003, 8(8):970-976.
[5] 钱海忠, 武芳, 邓红艳. 基于CIRCLE特征变换的点群选取算法[J]. 测绘科学, 2005, 30(3):83-85. QIAN Haizhong, WU Fang, DENG Hongyan.A Model of Point Cluster Selection with Circle Characters[J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping, 2005, 30(3):83-85.
[6] 钱海忠, 刘颖, 张琳琳, 等. 基于圆特征的地图要素自动综合算法研究[J]. 海洋测绘, 2005, 25(1):14-17. QIAN Haizhong, LIU Ying, ZHANG Linlin, et al. Map Generalization Algorithm Research Based on Circle Characters[J]. Hydrographic Surveying and Charting, 2005, 25(1):14-17.
[7] 蔡永香, 郭庆胜. 基于Kohonen网络的点群综合研究[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2007, 32(7):626-629. CAI Yongxiang, GUO Qingsheng. Points Group Generalization Based on Konhonen Net[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2007, 32(7):626-629.
[8] 艾廷华, 刘耀林. 保持空间分布特征的群点化简方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2002, 31(2):175-181. AI Tinghua, LIU Yaolin. A Method of Point Cluster Simplification with Spatial Distribution Properties Preserved[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2002, 31(2):175-181.
[9] 闫浩文, 王家耀. 基于Voronoi图的点群目标普适综合算法[J]. 中国图象图形学报, 2005, 10(5):633-636. YAN Haowen, WANG Jiayao. A Generic Algorithm for Point Cluster Generalization Based on Voronoi Diagrams[J]. Journal of Image and Graphics, 2005, 10(5):633-636.
[10] 郭庆胜. 地图自动综合理论与方法[M]. 北京:测绘出版社, 2002. GUO Qingsheng.Theory and Method of Automatic Map Generalization[M]. Beijing:Surveying and Mapping Press, 2002.
[11] SAATY T L. The Analytic Hierarchy Process[M]. New York:McGraw Hill, 1980.
[12] 盛文斌. 散列式居民地的自动选取研究[D]. 郑州:信息工程大学, 2010. SHENG Wenbin.Research on Automated Selection of Hash-style Habitation[M]. Zhengzhou:Information Engineering University, 2010.
[13] 王辉连. 居民地自动综合的智能方法研究[D]. 郑州:信息工程大学, 2005. WANG Huilian.Research on Intelligent Method for Automatic Generalization of Habitation[D]. Zhengzhou:Information Engineering University, 2005.
[14] 温婉丽. 基于知识的居民地地图自动综合的研究[D]. 西安:长安大学, 2006. WEN Wanli.Research on Automatic Generalization of Habitation Based on Knowledge[D]. Xi'an:Chang'an University, 2006.
[15] GUO Min, QIAN Haizhong, WANG Xiao, et al. A New Road Network Selection Approach Based on the Importance Criteria of Spatial Interactive Relationship[C]//Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Geoinformatics. Kaifeng, China:IEEE, 2013:1-5.
[16] 王红, 李霖, 张晓通, 等. 数字地图制图中居民地和道路关系处理[J]. 辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 29(1):40-43. WANG Hong, LI Lin, ZHANG Xiaotong, et al. Handling of Relationship between Residents and Roads in Digital Cartography[J]. Journal of Liaoning Technical University (Natural Science), 2010, 29(1):40-43.
[17] 邬伦, 刘瑜, 张晶, 等. 地理信息系统——原理、方法和应用[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2001. WU Lun, LIU Yu, ZHANG Jing, et al. Geographic Information System:Theory, Method and Application[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2001.
[18] 朱长青, 史文中. 空间分析建模与原理[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2006. ZHU Changqing, SHI Wenzhong. Modeling and Principle of Spatial Analysis[M]. Being:Science Press, 2006.
[19] 何宗宜. 地图数据处理模型的原理与方法[M]. 武汉:武汉大学出版社, 2004. HE Zongyi. Elements and Methods of Model for Cartographical Data Processing[M]. Wuhan:Wuhan University Press, 2004.
[20] 王桥, 吴纪桃. 制图综合方根规律模型的分形扩展[J]. 测绘学报, 1996, 25(2):104-109. WANG Qian, WU Jitao. Fractal Transformation of Square Root Model in Cartographic Generalization[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 1996, 25(2):104-109.
