GNSS信号土壤衰减模型的试验验证方法

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2020.20200259

测绘学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (9): 1202-1212.doi: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2020.20200259

GNSS信号土壤衰减模型的试验验证方法

汉牟田^1,2, 杨毅³, 张波²

1. 地理信息工程国家重点实验室, 陕西西安 710054;
2. 北京航空航天大学电子信息工程学院, 北京 100191;
3. 中交星宇科技有限公司, 北京 100088

收稿日期:2020-06-19 修回日期:2020-07-22 发布日期:2020-09-19
作者简介:汉牟田(1992-),男,博士生,研究方向为卫星导航及其应用。E-mail:hanmutian@buaa.edu.cn
基金资助:
地理信息工程国家重点实验室基金资助项目（SKLGIE2018-M-2-2）

An experimental validation method on GNSS signal attenuation model in soil

HAN Mutian^1,2, YANG Yi³, ZHANG Bo²

1. State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering, Xi'an 710054, China;
2. School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;
3. China Communications Xing Yu Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China

Received:2020-06-19 Revised:2020-07-22 Published:2020-09-19
Supported by:
The Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering (No. SKLGIE2018-M-2-2)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： GNSS（global navigation satellite system）信号在土壤中的衰减情况对于研究GNSS反射信号的有效遥感深度具有重要意义。本文通过试验研究了北斗信号与GPS（global positioning system）信号在土壤中的衰减情况。在试验设计上将GNSS天线置入土壤中并不断改变天线上方的土壤厚度与湿度以采集GNSS信号的功率衰减数据，最后利用这些数据反演土壤湿度以对GNSS信号土壤衰减模型进行验证。试验结果表明，土壤能够使GNSS信号发生明显的衰减。土壤的湿度值与厚度值越大，GNSS信号功率衰减越严重。在黏土土质，土壤湿度为0.15~0.30 cm³/cm³的情况下，当土壤厚度达到21 cm时，GNSS信号功率已衰减至无法被GNSS接收机测出。进一步根据GNSS信号衰减模型反演土壤湿度，结果显示，模型在土壤厚度大于等于10 cm、卫星仰角高于50°的情况下较为精确，此时利用北斗B1信号与GPS L1信号反演土壤湿度的均方根误差分别小于0.04 cm³/cm³与0.09 cm³/cm³。

关键词: 土壤湿度测量, 北斗导航系统(BDS), 信号衰减, 载噪比, 有效遥感深度

Abstract: The attenuation of GNSS signals in soil is of great significance for the related research of using GNSS signals to measure soil moisture. In this paper, for the first time, the attenuation of BDS (BeiDou navigation satellite system) and GPS (global positioning system) signals in the soil was studied through experiments. In the experimental design, the GNSS antenna was placed into the soil, then the soil thickness and moisture above the antenna were continuously changed to collect the power attenuation data of the GNSS signal. Finally, these data were used to retrieve soil moisture in order to validate the GNSS signal attenuation model. Experimental results show that soil can significantly attenuate GNSS signals. The greater the soil moisture value and thickness value is, the more severe the attenuation is. In the case of clay type soil and soil moisture of 0.15~0.30 cm³/cm³, the GNSS signal power has been attenuated to be undetectable by the GNSS receiver when the soil thickness reaches 21 cm. Further retrieval of soil moisture based on the GNSS signal attenuation model was carried out, the results show that the attenuation model is more accurate when the soil thickness is larger than or equal to 10 cm and when the satellite elevation angle is larger than 50°. And under this situation, the root mean square error of soil moisture retrieval using BeiDou B1 signal and GPS L1 signal is less than 0.04 cm³/cm³ and 0.09 cm³/cm³, respectively.

Key words: soil moisture measurement, BDS, signal attenuation, carrier-to-noise ratio, effective remote sensing depth

中图分类号:

P237

汉牟田, 杨毅, 张波. GNSS信号土壤衰减模型的试验验证方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2020, 49(9): 1202-1212.

HAN Mutian, YANG Yi, ZHANG Bo. An experimental validation method on GNSS signal attenuation model in soil[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2020, 49(9): 1202-1212.

参考文献

[1] DIRMEYER P A. Using a global soil wetness dataset to improve seasonal climate simulation[J]. Journal of Climate, 2000, 13(16):2900-2922.
[2] JUNG M, REICHSTEIN M, CIAIS P, et al. Recent decline in the global land evapotranspiration trend due to limited moisture supply[J]. Nature, 2010, 467(7318):951-954.
[3] ULABY F T, LONG D G. Microwave radar and radiometric remote sensing[M]. Ann Arbor:The University of Michigan Press, 2014.
[4] ULABY F T, DUBOIS P C, VAN ZYL J. Radar mapping of surface soil moisture[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 1996, 184(1-2):57-84.
[5] DOBSON M C,ULABY F T. Active microwave soil moisture research[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1986, GE-24(1):23-36.
[6] LOEW A, LUDWIG R, MAUSER W. Derivation of surface soil moisture from Envisat ASAR wide swath and image mode data in agricultural areas[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2006, 44(4):889-899.
[7] WAGNER W, BLOSCHL G, PAMPALONI P, et al. Operational readiness of microwave remote sensing of soil moisture for hydrologic applications[J]. Hydrology Research, 2007, 38(1):1-20.
[8] NJOKU E G, JACKSON T J, LAKSHMI V, et al. Soil moisture retrieval from AMSR-E[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2003, 41(2):215-229.
[9] MAUSER W, ROMBACH M, BACH H, et al. Determination of spatial and temporal soil-moisture development using multitemporal ERS-1 data[C]//Proceedings of SPIE 2314, Multispectral and Microwave Sensing of Forestry, Hydrology, and Natural Resources. Rome, Italy:SPIE, 1995.
[10] KERR Y H, WALDTEUFEL P, WIGNERON J P, et al. Soil moisture retrieval from space:the soil moisture and ocean salinity (SMOS) mission[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2001, 39(8):1729-1735.
[11] BARRE H M J P, DUESMANN B, KERR Y H. SMOS:the mission and the system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2008, 46(3):587-593.
[12] ENTEKHABI D, NJOKU E G, O'NEILL P E, et al. The soil moisture active passive (SMAP) mission[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2010, 98(5):704-716.
[13] KATZBERG S J, TORRES O, GRANT M S, et al. Utilizing calibrated GPS reflected signals to estimate soil reflectivity and dielectric constant:results from SMEX02[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2006, 100(1):17-28.
[14] CHEW C, SMALL E E, LARSON K M. An algorithm for soil moisture estimation using GPS-interferometric reflectometry for bare and vegetated soil[J]. GPS Solutions, 2016, 20(3):525-537.
[15] MUNOZ-MARTIN J F, ONRUBIA R, PASCUAL D, et al. Untangling the incoherent and coherent scattering components in GNSS-R and novel applications[J]. Remote Sensing, 2020, 12(7):1208.
[16] EDOKOSSI K, CALABIA A, JIN Shuanggen, et al. GNSS-reflectometry and remote sensing of soil moisture:a review of measurement techniques, methods, and applications[J]. Remote Sensing, 2020, 12(4):614.
[17] LARSON K M, SMALL E E, GUTMANN E D, et al. Use of GPS receivers as a soil moisture network for water cycle studies[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2008, 35(24):405-418.
[18] LI Weiqiang, CARDELLACH E, FABRA F, et al. Measuring greenland ice sheet melt using spaceborne GNSS reflectometry from TechDemoSat-1[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2020, 47(2):864-877.
[19] ZAVOROTNY V U, LARSON K M, BRAUN J J, et al. A physical model for GPS multipath caused by land reflections:toward bare soil moisture retrievals[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2010, 3(1):100-110.
[20] RODRIGUEZ-ALVAREZ N, BOSCH-LLUIS X, CAMPS A, et al. Review of crop growth and soil moisture monitoring from a ground-based instrument implementing the interference pattern GNSS-R technique[J]. Radio Science, 2011, 46(6):103-112.
[21] 梁月吉, 任超, 黄仪邦, 等. 利用GPS-IR监测土壤湿度的多星线性回归反演模型[J]. 测绘学报, 2020, 49(7):833-842.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2020.20190095. LIANG Yueji, REN Chao, HUANG Yibang, et al. Multi-star linear regression retrieval model for monitoring soil moisture using GPS-IR[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2020, 49(7):833-842. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2020.20190095.
[22] PRIVETTE Ⅲ C V, KHALILIAN A, BRIDGES W, et al. Relationship of soil moisture and reflected GPS signal strength[J]. Advances in Remote Sensing, 2016, 5(1):18-27.
[23] KOCH F, SCHLENZ F, PRASCH M, et al. Soil moisture retrieval based on GPS signal strength attenuation[J]. Water, 2016, 8(7):276.
[24] STEINER L, MEINDL M, GEIGER A. Characteristics and limitations of GPS L1 observations from submerged antennas[J]. Journal of Geodesy, 2019, 93(2):267-280.
[25] STEINER L, MEINDL M, FIERZ C, et al. An assessment of sub-snow GPS for quantification of snow water equivalent[J]. The Cryosphere, 2018, 12(10):3161-3175.
[26] CHEN Qiuli, YANG Hui, CHEN Zhonggui, et al. Solar radiation pressure modeling and application of BDS satellites[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science, 2020, 3(2):45-52. DOI:10.11947/jJGGS.2020.0205.
[27] LARSON K M, BRAUN J J, SMALL E E, et al. GPS multipath and its relation to near-surface soil moisture content[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2010, 3(1):91-99.

GNSS信号土壤衰减模型的试验验证方法

An experimental validation method on GNSS signal attenuation model in soil

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 3

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	汉牟田, 张波, 杨东凯, 洪学宝, 杨磊, 宋曙辉. 利用GNSS干涉信号振荡幅度反演土壤湿度[J]. 测绘学报, 2016, 45(11): 1293-1300.
[2]	金天原青郑光辉张立杨. 基于载噪比加权的GPS单频单历元定姿算法[J]. 测绘学报, 2014, 43(10): 1032-1038.
[3]	刘莉. 北斗导航系统和GPS兼容性评估[J]. 测绘学报, 2011, 40(Sup.): 11-18.