北斗三号星座拟稳钟差测定及其预报

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2021.20210084

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 北斗三号卫星搭载了Ka波段星间链路载荷，可实现卫星之间的测距与通信。将星座内所有卫星的原子钟视为一个钟组，利用星间双向观测实时测量钟组内部时差，选取部分较为稳定的钟作为基准钟，可以建立星座拟稳原子时，得到各卫星的星座拟稳钟差，再通过少量链路向BDT溯源，即可最终得到卫星相对于BDT的钟差。以星座拟稳时间为观测量进行星载原子钟性能及钟差预报精度分析，可以避免卫星轨道误差对于钟差的影响，得到更加真实可靠的分析结果。试验结果表明：北斗三号星载原子钟，尤其是氢原子钟，具有良好的稳定性，MEO卫星氢原子钟天稳哈达马方差为3.5E-15，IGSO卫星氢原子钟为2.8E-15，铷原子钟为8.2E-15；星座拟稳钟差1 h预报误差RMS约为0.1 ns，可有效分离钟差预报误差和时间溯源误差，使北斗三号空间信号精度达到甚至优于15 cm。显然，星间链路的巨大潜力有待进一步挖掘。

关键词: 北斗三号, 原子钟, 星间链路, 拟稳, 频率稳定性, 钟差

Abstract: The BDS-3 satellite is equipped with Ka-band inter-satellite link (ISL) payload to realize ranging and communication between satellites. By taking all the spaceborne atomic clocks of the constellation as a group, the clock error within the group can be measured in nearly real-time by ISL. With some of the more stable clocks as the reference, the constellation pseudo-stable atomic timescale can be established. The deviation between the constellation pseudo-stable clock and the BeiDou time (BDT) can be obtained using only one or a few ground stations. The performance of the spaceborne atomic clock and the accuracy of the clock prediction can be obtained using the pseudo-stable constellation clock errors, which avoids the influence of the satellite orbit error on the clock error estimation and can get more realistic and reliable analysis results. The results show that the spaceborne atomic clocks of the BDS-3, especially the passive hydrogen maser (PHM), have good stabilities. The average Hadamard deviation with an integration time of 1 day is 3.5E-15 for MEO satellite PHM, 2.8E-15 for IGSO satellite PHM and 8.2E-15 for MEO rubidium atomic frequency standards (RAFSs). The RMS of 1 hour prediction error of the constellation pseudo-stabilized clock bias is about 0.1 ns, which can improve the BDS-3 signal in space accuracy to even better than 15 cm. Obviously, the huge potential of ISL needs to be further explored.

Key words: BDS-3, atomic clock, inter-satellite link, pseudo-stable, frequency stability, clock bias

中图分类号:

P228

杨宇飞, 杨元喜, 陈金平, 唐成盼, 李冲, 郭海荣, 杨建华, 刘金获, 杨斌. 北斗三号星座拟稳钟差测定及其预报[J]. 测绘学报, 2021, 50(12): 1728-1737.

YANG Yufei, YANG Yuanxi, CHEN Jinping, TANG Chengpan, LI Chong, GUO Hairong, YANG Jianhua, LIU Jinhuo, YANG Bin. Pseudo-stable constellation bias error of BDS-3 and its high-precision prediction[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2021, 50(12): 1728-1737.

参考文献

[1] 郭海荣.导航卫星原子钟时频特性分析理论与方法研究[D].郑州:信息工程大学,2006. GUO Hairong. Study on the analysis theories and algorithms of the time and frequency characterization for atomic clocks of navigation satellite[D]. Zhengzhou:Information Engineering University, 2006.
[2] 毛悦,陈建鹏,戴伟,等.星载原子钟稳定性影响分析[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2011,36(10):1182-1186. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis2011.10.003. MAO Yue, CHEN Jianpeng, DAI Wei, et al. Analysis of on-board atomic clock stability influences[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan Univers, 2011,36(10):1182-1186. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis 2011.10.003.
[3] MONTENBRUCK O. The multi-GNSS experiment (MGEX) of the international GNSS service (IGS)-achievements, prospects and challenges[J]. Advances in space research, 2017, 59(7):1671-1697. DOI:10.1016/j.asr.2017.01.011.
[4] ZHOU S S, HU X G, LIU L, et al. Applications of two-way satellite time and frequency transfer in the BeiDou navigation satellite system[J]. Science China (Physics, Mechanics&Astronomy), 2016, 59(10):109511. DOI:10.1007/s11433-016-0185-6.
[5] YANG Y X, GAO W G, GUO S R, et al. Introduction to BeiDou-3 navigation satellite system[J]. Navigation, 2019, 66(1):7-18. DOI:10.1002/navi.291.
[6] YANG Y X, XU Y Y, LI J L, et al. Progress and performance evaluation of BeiDou global navigation satellite system:data analysis based on BDS-3 demonstration system[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 2018, 61(5):614-624. DOI:10.1007/s11430-017-9186-9.
[7] 王宇谱,吕志平,王宁. BDS星载原子钟长期性能分析[J].测绘学报, 2017, 46(2):157-169. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20160369. WANG Yupu, LÜ Zhiping, WANG Ning. The long-term performance analysis for on-board atomic clock of BDS[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2017,46(2):157-169. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20160369.
[8] 贾小林,冯来平,毛悦,等.GPS星载原子钟性能评估[J].时间频率学报,2010,33(2):115-120. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-0637.2010.02.006. JIA Xiaolin, FENG Laiping, MAO Yue, et al. Performance evaluation of GPS on-board clock[J]. Journal of Time and Frequency, 2010, 33(2):115-120. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-0637.2010.02.006.
[9] 郭海荣,杨元喜.导航卫星原子钟时域频率稳定性影响因素分析[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2009, 34(2):218-221. DOI:CNKI:SUN:WHCH.0.2009-02-025. GUO Hairong, YANG Yuanxi. Analyses of main error sources on time-domain frequency stability for atomic clocks of navigation satellites[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan Univers, 2009, 34(2):218-221. DOI:CNKI:SUN:WHCH.0.2009-02-025.
[10] 刘帅,贾小林,孙大伟. GNSS星载原子钟性能评估[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2017, 42(2):277-284. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20150344. LIU Shuai, JIA Xiaolin, SUN Dawei. Performance evaluation of GNSS on-board atomic clock[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan Univers, 2017, 42(2):277-284. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20150344.
[11] ZHOU S S, HU X G, WU B. Orbit determination and prediction accuracy analysis for a regional tracking network[J]. Science China (Physics, Mechanics&Astronomy), 2010, 53(6):1130-1138. DOI:10.1007/s11433-010-4020-3.
[12] YANG Y X, LI Jinlong, WANG Aibing, et al. Preliminary assessment of the navigation and positioning performance of BeiDou regional navigation satellite system[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 2014, 57(1):144-152. DOI:10.1007/s11430-013-4769-0.
[13] YANG Y X, MAO Y, SUN B J. Basic performance and future developments of BeiDou global navigation satellite system[J]. Satellite Navigation, 2020, 1(1):1-8. DOI:10.1186/s 43020-019-0006-0.
[14] REN X, YANG Y, ZHU J, et al. Orbit determination of the next-generation BeiDou satellites with intersatellite link measurements and a priori orbit constraints[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2017, 60(10):2155-2165. DOI:10.1016/j.asr.2017.08.024.
[15] TANG C P, HU X, ZHOU S, et al. Initial results of centralized autonomous orbit determination of the new-generation BDS satellites with inter-satellite link measurements[J]. Journal of Geodesy 2018, 92(3):1155-1169. DOI:10.1007/s00190-018-1113-7.
[16] YANG Y F, YANG Y X, HU X G, et al. Inter-satellite link enhanced orbit determination for BeiDou-3[J]. Journal of Navigation, 2020, 73(1):115-130. DOI:10.1017/S0373463319000523.
[17] REN X, YANG Y X, ZHU J. Comparing satellite orbit determination by batch processing and extended Kalman filtering using inter-satellite link measurements of the next-generation BeiDou satellites[J], GPS Solutions, 2019, 23(25):1-12. DOI:10.1007/s10291-018-0816-9.
[18] 杨宇飞,杨元喜,胡小工,等.北斗三号卫星两种定轨模式精度比较分析[J].测绘学报, 2019, 48(7):831-839. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2019.20180560. YANG Yufei, YANG Yuanxi, HU Xiaogong, et al. Comparison and analysis of two orbit determination methods for BDS-3 satellites[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2019, 48(7):831-839. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2019. 20180560.
[19] PAN J Y, HU X G, ZHOU S S, et al. Time synchronization of new-generation BDS satellites using inter-satellite link measurements[J]. Adv Space Res, 2018, 61(1):145-153. DOI:10.1016/j.asr. 2017.10.004.
[20] YANG Yufei, YANG Yuanxi, HU Xiaogong, et al. BeiDou-3 broadcast clock estimation by integration of observations of regional tracking stations and inter-satellite links[J]. GPS solutions, 2021, 25(2), 1-15. DOI:10.1007/s10291-020-01067-x.
[21] 周江文,欧吉坤.拟稳点的更换——兼论自由网平差若干问题[J].测绘学报,1984,13(3):161-170. DOI:CNKI:SUN:CHXB.0.1984-03-000. ZHOU Jiangwen, OU Jikun. On alteration of quasi-stable point and some problems concerning free net adjustment[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 1984,13(3):161-170. DOI:CNKI:SUN:CHXB.0.1984-03-000.
[22] 王宁,王宇谱,李林阳,等. BDS星载原子钟频率稳定性分析[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2017, 42(9):1256-1263. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20150806. WANG Ning, WANG Yupu, LI Linyang, et al. Stability analysis of the space-borne atomic clock frequency for BDS[J]. Geomatics and Information Science if Wuhan Univers, 2017, 42(9):1256-1263. DOI:10.13203/j.whugis20150806.
[23] ALLAN D W. Time and frequency (time-domain) characterization, estimation, and prediction of precision clocks and oscillators[J]. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control (UFFC), 1987, 34(6):647-654. DOI:10.1109/T-UFFC.1987.26997.
[24] 王宇谱,吕志平,陈正生,等.卫星钟差预报的小波神经网络算法研究[J].测绘学报,2013,42(3):20-28. DOI:CNKI:SUN:CHXB.0.2013-03-004. WANG Yupu, LÜ Zhiping, CHEN Zhengsheng, et al. Research on the algorithm of wavelet neural network to predict satellite clock bias[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2013,42(3):20-28. DOI:CNKI:SUN:CHXB.0.2013-03-004.
[25] WU Z Q, ZHOU S S, HU X G, et al. Performance of the BDS3 experimental satellite passive hydrogen maser[J]. GPS Solutions, 2018, 22(2):1-13.DOI:10.1007/s10291-018-0706-1.
[26] 刘伟平,郝金明,吕志伟,等.北斗三号空间信号测距误差评估与对比分析[J].测绘学报, 2020, 49(9):1213-1221. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2020.20200266. LIU Weiping, HAO Jinming, LÜ Zhiwei, et al. Evaluation and comparative analysis of BDS-3 signal-in-space range error[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2020, 49(9):1213-1221. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2020.20200266.
[27] ZENG Tian, SUI Lifen, JIA Xiaolin, et al. Results and analyses of BDS precise orbit determination with the enhancement of Fengyun-3C[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science, 2019, 2(3):68-78. DOI:10.11947/j.JGGS.2019.0307.
[28] CHEN Qiuli, YANG Hui, CHEN Zhonggui, et al. Solar radiation pressure modeling and application of BDS satellites[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science, 2020, 3(2):45-52. DOI:10.11947/j.JGGS.2020.0205.