基于全站仪对任意亮星的观测采样,提出了一种利用高度角序列和水平角速率进行联合匹配的任意亮星识别算法.通过引入天体地平坐标计算程序,算法可正确辨别行星和恒星.本文分析了任意亮星高度角和水平角速率的观测误差和计算误差,以此给出了匹配阈值条件的设定依据,并在此基础上制定了有效的匹配策略.仿真计算及实际观测试验均表明,该算法具有100%的识别成功率,远优于现有算法.将此算法应用于任意亮星天文定向,定向结果的内符合精度达到2",外部检核精度达到1.6".采用多颗任意亮星进行定向,可有效减弱由测站位置误差引入的定向系统误差,提高绝对定向精度.本文提出的天文定向适用于多云及雾霾天气.
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