针对传统水汽密度层析方法的缺点,设计并实现了一种基于水汽密度比例因子的三维水汽层析算法,提高了观测数据的利用率。利用香港CORS网的实测GPS和气象数据,并结合研究区域内45004探空站的探空数据,验证了该算法用于实测数据的可行性及精度,并分析了不同天气对层析新算法的影响。试验结果表明:该算法在观测数据的利用率上远大于传统层析方法,以探空数据为参考基准,RMS、水汽廓线相关系数和误差分布均优于传统方法。此外,降水天气对层析结果影响要比无降水天气的影响大。
A water vapor tomography algorithm is proposed based on the water vapor density scale factor, which improves the utilization of observation. Real GPS and meteorological data from CORS network in Hong Kong were utilized to validate the proposed approach and analyze the influence under different weather conditions. Tomographic results of the proposed approach were compared with radiosonde data from 45004 station. The statistical result shows that the utilization of observation of the proposed approach is larger than that of traditional method, and the RMS, water vapor profile and error distribution are better than the traditional methods. In addition, the influence of tomographic result under the weather of precipitation is more severe than that of no precipitation weather.
[1] 万蓉. 我国暴雨研究中新型探测资料反演技术及其应用[J]. 气象科技进展, 2014, 4(2):24-35. WAN Rong. Research Progress of the Unconventional Observing Technology and the Data Used in the Study of Rainstorm in China[J]. Advances in Meteorological Science and Technology, 2014, 4(2):24-35.
[2] 王久珂, 韩素芹,边海, 等. 一次暴雨过程中GPS三维层析水汽场的变化特征[J]. 北京大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 50(6):1053-1064. WANG Jiuke, HAN Suqin, BIAN Hai, et al. Characteristics of the Three-dimensional GPS Tomography Water Vapor Field during the Rainstorm[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium UniversitatisPekinensis, 2014, 50(6):1053-1064.
[3] BEVIS M, BUSINGER S, HERRING T A, et al. GPS Meteorology:Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Water Vapor Using the Global Positioning System[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1992, 97(D14):15787-15801.
[4] ROCKEN C, WARE R, HOVE T V, et al. Sensing Atmospheric Water Vapor with the Global Positioning System[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 1993, 20(23):2631-2634.
[5] DUAN Jingping, BEVIS M, FANG Peng, et al. GPS Meteorology:Direct Estimation of the Absolute Value of Precipitable Water[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorology,1996, 35(6):830-838.
[6] 毛节泰. GPS的气象应用[J]. 气象科技, 1993, 21(4):45-49. MAO Jietai.The Application of GPS Meteorological Science and Technology[J]. 1993, 21(4):45-49.
[7] 陈洪滨, 吕达仁. GPS测量中的大气路径延迟订正[J]. 测绘学报, 1996, 25(2):127-132. CHEN Hongbin, LV Daren. Atmospheric Path Delay Correction in the GPS Measurements[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 1996, 25(2):127-132.
[8] 陈俊勇. 地基GPS遥感大气水汽含量的误差分析[J]. 测绘学报, 1998, 27(2):113-118. CHEN Junyong. On the Error Analysis for the Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Water Vapor by Ground Based GPS[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 1998, 27(2):113-118.
[9] 李成才, 毛节泰. GPS地基遥感大气水汽总量分析[J]. 应用气象学报, 1998, 9(4):470-477. LI Chengcai, MAO Jietai. Analysis for Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Precipitable Water Using Ground Based GPS Receiver[J]. Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology, 1998, 9(4):470-477.
[10] 于胜杰, 柳林涛, 梁星辉. 约束条件对GPS水汽层析解算的影响分析[J]. 测绘学报, 2010, 39(5):491-496. YU Shengjie, LIU Lintao, LIANG Xinghui. Influence Analysis of Constraint Conditions on GPS Water Vapor Tomography[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2010, 39(5):491-496.
[11] 叶世榕, 江鹏, 刘炎炎. 地基GPS网层析水汽三维分布数值积分方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2013, 42(5):654-660. YE Shirong, JIANG Peng, LIU Yanyan. A Water Vapor Tomographic Numerical Quadrature Approach with Ground-based GPS Network[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2013, 42(5):654-660.
[12] 何林, 柳林涛, 苏晓庆, 等. 水汽层析代数重构算法[J]. 测绘学报, 2015, 44(1):32-38. HE Lin, LIU Lintao, SU Xiaoqing, et al. Algebraic Reconstruction Algorithm of Vapor Tomography[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2015, 44(1):32-38.
[13] CHEN Biyan, LIU Zhizhao. Voxel-optimized Regional Water Vapor Tomography and Comparison with Radiosonde and Numerical Weather Model[J]. Journal of Geodesy, 2014, 88(7):691-703.
[14] HERRING T A, KING R W, FLOYD M A, et al. Introduction to GAMIT/GLOBK[EB/OL]. Release 10.4.Boston:Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Science.(2010-10-04)[2013-05-15].http://www-gpsg.mit.edu/~simon/gtgk/Intro_GG.pdf.
[15] BENDER M, STOSIUS R, ZUS F, et al. GNSS Water Vapour Tomography-expected Improvements by Combining GPS, GLONASS and Galileo Observations[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2011, 47(5):886-897.
[16] FLORES A, RUFFINI G, RIUS A. 4D Tropospheric Tomography Using GPS Slant Wet Delays[J]. Annales Geophysicae, 2000, 18(2):223-234.
[17] TROLLER M, BVRKI B, COCARD M, et al.3-D Refractivity Field from GPS Double Difference Tomography[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2002, 29(24):2-1-2-4.
[18] ROHM W, BOSY J. Local Tomography Troposphere Model over Mountains Area[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2009, 93(4):777-783.
[19] BENDER M, DICK G, GE M R, et al. Development of a GNSS Water Vapour Tomography System Using Algebraic Reconstruction Techniques[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2011, 47(10):1704-1720.
[20] ELÓSEGUI P, RUIS A, DAVIS J L, et al. An Experiment for Estimation of the Spatial and Temporal Variations of Water Vapor Using GPS Data[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 1998, 23(1):125-130.
[21] RUAN Baiyao, GE Weizhong.Singular Value Decomposition Method Compared with Damping Least Square Method[J]. Computing Techniques for Giophysical and Geochenical Exploration, 1997, 19(1):46-49.
[22] NIELLA E, COSTER A J, SOLHEIM F S, et al. Comparison of Measurements of Atmospheric Wet Delay by Radiosonde, Water Vapor Rdiometer, GPS, and VLBI[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 200118(6):830-850.
[23] ADEYEMI B, JOERG S. Analysis of Water Vapor over Nigeria Using Radiosonde and Satellite Data[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 2012, 51(10):1855-1866.
[24] LIU Z Z, WONG M S, NICHOL J, et al. A Multi-sensor Study of Water Vapour from Radiosonde, MODIS and AERONET:A Case Study of Hong Kong[J]. International Journal of Climatology, 2013, 33(1):109-120.
