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时空大数据时代的地图学

  • 王家耀
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  • 信息工程大学地理空间信息学院, 河南 郑州 450001
王家耀(1936-),男,教授,中国工程院院士,研究方向为地图学与地理信息系统。

收稿日期: 2017-06-14

  修回日期: 2017-07-24

  网络出版日期: 2017-10-26

Cartography in the Age of Spatio-temporal Big Data

  • WANG Jiayao
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  • College of Surveying and Mapping, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China

Received date: 2017-06-14

  Revised date: 2017-07-24

  Online published: 2017-10-26

摘要

地图学研究的主战场是“地图”,但不同历史时期的地图其信息源、主题、内容、载体、形式、制作方法和应用方式是不同的,当然它的全方位价值也就不同了。从科学史上的科学范式的变化来看,随着大数据时代的到来,如今已经步入“数据密集型”科学范式时代,地图学亦如此,具有明显的大数据科学的特征。所有大数据都是由包括人类活动在内的地理世界的任何事物和任何现象运动变化产生的,都具有空间和时间特性,当然也就离不开空间参照和时间参照。因此,大数据本质上就是时空大数据。自20世纪50年代末60年代初以来的现代地图学,即信息化时代的地图学,是以时空数据为对象的,其核心是时空数据处理与表达,但并没有像今天面对天空地海一体的大规模多源(元)异构和多维动态的数据流(或流数据),地图的实时动态性、主题针对性、内容复合性、载体多样化、表现形式个性化、制作方法现代化、应用泛在化等特征,是以往任何时期都无法比拟的,这就产生了地图学理论、技术和应用体系的巨大变化。而所有这些变化都正好发生在20世纪50年代末和60年代初以来的约60年间,故以本文纪念《测绘学报》创刊60周年。

本文引用格式

王家耀 . 时空大数据时代的地图学[J]. 测绘学报, 2017 , 46(10) : 1226 -1237 . DOI: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20170308

Abstract

Cartography is an ancient science with almost the same long history as the world's oldest culture.Since ancient times,the movement and change of anything and any phenomena,including human activities,have been carried out in a certain time and space.The development of science and technology and the progress of social civilization have made social management and governance more and more dependent on time and space.The information source,theme,content,carrier,form,production methods and application methods of map are different in different historical periods,so that its all-round value is different. With the arrival of the big data age,the scientific paradigm has now entered the era of "data-intensive" paradigm,so is the cartography,with obvious characteristics of big data science.All big data are caused by movement and change of all things and phenomena in the geographic world,so they have space and time characteristics and thus cannot be separated from the spatial reference and time reference.Therefore,big data is big spatio-temporal data essentially.Since the late 1950s and early 1960s,modern cartography,that is,the cartography in the information age,takes spatio-temporal data as the object,and focuses on the processing and expression of spatio-temporal data,but not in the face of the large scale multi-source heterogeneous and multi-dimensional dynamic data flow(or flow data)from sky to the sea.The real-time dynamic nature,the theme pertinence,the content complexity,the carrier diversification,the expression form personalization,the production method modernization,the application ubiquity of the map,is incomparable in the past period,which leads to the great changes of the theory,technology and application system of cartography.And all these changes happen to occur in the 60 years since the late 1950s and early 1960s,so this article was written to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the "Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica".

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