区域与全球高程基准差异的确定

李建成; 褚永海; 徐新禹

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20170538

测绘学报 >

2017 , Vol. 46 >Issue 10: 1262 - 1273

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20170538

院士论坛

区域与全球高程基准差异的确定

李建成 ,
褚永海 ,
徐新禹

展开

1. 武汉大学测绘学院, 湖北武汉 430079;
2. 武汉大学地球空间环境与大地测量教育部重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430079

李建成(1964-),男,教授,中国工程院院士,研究方向为卫星大地测量学和物理大地测量学。E-mail:jcli@whu.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2017-09-20

修回日期: 2017-09-25

网络出版日期: 2017-10-26

基金资助

国家973计划（2013CB733301）；国家自然科学基金项目（41210006）；国家重点研发计划（2016YFB0501702）

收起

Determination of Vertical Datum Offset between the Regional and the Global Height Datum

LI Jiancheng ,
CHU Yonghai ,
XU Xinyu

Expand

1. School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China

Received date: 2017-09-20

Revised date: 2017-09-25

Online published: 2017-10-26

Supported by

The National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China(973 Program)(No. 2013CB733301);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 41210006),National Key Research and Development Plan(No. 2016YFB0501702)

Fold

摘要

全球高程基准统一是继全球大地测量坐标系及其参考基准统一之后，大地测量学科面临和亟待解决的一个重要问题，也是全球空间信息共享与交换的基础。本文针对区域高程基准与全球高程基准间基准差异确定的理论、方法及实际问题开展研究。利用物理大地测量高程系统的经典理论方法，给出了高程基准差异的定义，并推导了计算基准差异的严密公式，该公式可将高程基准差异确定的现有3种方法统一起来。在此基础上，分析顾及了不同椭球参数对于计算基准差异的影响及量级，同时，高程异常差法还需考虑全球高程基准重力位与模型计算大地水准面位值不一致引起的零阶项改正。利用青岛原点附近152个GPS水准点数据，分别选择GRS80、WGS-84、CGCS2000参考椭球以及EGM2008、EIGEN-6C4、SGG-UGM-1模型，采用位差法和高程异常差法，确定了我国1985高程基准与全球高程基准的差异。其中，EIGEN-6C4模型计算的我国高程基准与WGS-84参考椭球正常重力位U₀定义的全球高程基准之间的差异约为-23.1 cm。也就是说，我国高程基准低于采用WGS-84参考椭球正常重力位U₀定义的全球高程基准，当选取基于平均海面确定的Gauss-Listing大地水准面作为全球高程基准时，我国1985高程基准高于全球基准约21.0 cm。从计算结果还可看出，当前重力场模型在青岛周边不同GPS/水准点的精度差别依然较大，这会导致选择不同数据对确定我国85国家高程基准与全球基准之间的差异影响较大，因此，若要实现厘米级精度区域高程基准与全球高程基准的统一，全球重力场模型的精度和可靠性还需要进一步提高。

关键词： 基准差异; 重力位差; 国家高程基准; 全球高程基准; GPS/水准

本文引用格式

李建成 , 褚永海 , 徐新禹 . 区域与全球高程基准差异的确定[J]. 测绘学报, 2017 , 46(10) : 1262 -1273 . DOI: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20170538

Abstract

The unification of the global height datum is a key problem to be solved for geodesy after the unification of global geodetic coordination system and three-dimension spatial datum, and the basis of global spatial information sharing and exchange. In this paper, the theoretical and practical problems of vertical datum offset between the regional height datum and the global height datum are studied. Based on the classical theory of the height system in physical geodesy, the definition of the height datum vertical offset is given, and the rigorous formulas for calculating the vertical offset are derived. The formulas can be used to deduce the three methods of the height datum vertical offset determination. On that basis, the influences of different reference system and reference ellipsoid parameters on the calculation of the vertical offset are analyzed. The results show that the reference system and the ellipsoid parameter conversion are very necessary. At the same time, the height anomaly differences method needs to consider the degree zero correction caused by the inconsistency between gravity potential of the global height datum and the one computed by the model. Based on potential difference approach and the height anomaly difference method, the vertical offset between the China 1985 national height datum and the global height datum corresponding to the normal gravity potential U₀ of GRS80, WGS-84 and CGCS2000 reference ellipsoidal from the 152 GPS/leveling points near the origin of Qingdao height origin and the EGM2008, EIGEN-6C4 and SGG-UGM-1 model. The regional datum is 23.1 cm lower than the global datum based on EIGEN-6C4 and WGS-84. When the Gauss-Listing geoid (mean sea surface) is selected as the global height datum, the China 1985 national height datum is 21.0 cm higher than the global height datum. The results also show that there are still large differences among the accuracies of the current gravity field models on these GPS/Levelling points around Qingdao, which will lead to big differences in estimating the vertical datum offset between the China 1985 national height datum and the global height datum with respect to different selected data sets. Therefore, the accuracy and reliability of the current global gravity field models needs to be further improved if they were used for the height datum vertical offset determination. The theoretical and practical results of this paper could be used for the realization of the unification of the regional height datum and the global height datum.

Key words： vertical datum offset; national height datum; global height datum; GPS/leveling

参考文献

[1] 陈宗镛,周天华,于宜法,等.1985国家高程基准的研究[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1988,18(1):9-14. CHEN Zongyong,ZHOU Tianhua,YU Yifa,et al.A Study on the 1985 National Datum Level of Altitude[J],Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao,1988,18(1):9-14.
[2] JEKELI C,HYO J Y,JAY H K.The Offset of the South Korean Vertical Datum from a Global Geoid[J].Journal of Civil Engineering,2012,5(16):816-821.
[3] ROELSE A,GRANGER H W,GRAHAM J W,et al.The Adjustment of the Australian Levelling Survey 1970-1971[R].2nd ed.Canberra,Australia:Department of Minerals and Energy/Division of National Mapping,1975.
[4] ADAM J,AUGATH W,BROUWER F,et al.Status and Development of the European Height Systems:Geodesy beyond 2000[C]//Proceedings of the International Association of Geodesy Symposia,2000.Berlin:Springer,2000.
[5] SÁNCHEZ L.Definition and Realization of the SIRGAS Vertical Reference System within a Globally Unified Height System[C]//Proceedings of the IAG Symposia 2007.Berlin:Springer Verlag,2007.
[6] RUMMEL R,TEUNISSEN P.Height Datum Definition,Height Datum Connection and the Role of the Geodetic Boundary Value Problem[J].Bulletin Géodésique,1988,62(4):477-498.
[7] RAPP R H.Separation between Reference Surfaces of Selected Vertical Datum[J].Bulletin Geodesique,1994,69:26-31.
[8] ARDALAN A,GRAFAREND E,KAKKURI J.National Height Datum,the Gauss-Listing Geoid Level Value W₀ and its Time Variation,Baltic Sea Level Project,Epochs 1990.8,1993.8,1997.4[J].Journal of Geodesy,2002,76:1-28.
[9] GRAFAREND E W,ARDALAN A A.W₀:An Estimate in the Finnish Height Datum N60,Epoch 1993.4,from Twenty-five GPS Points of the Baltic Sea Level Project[J].Journal of Geodesy,1997,71:673-679.
[10] PAN M,SJÖBERG L E.Unification of Vertical Datums by GPS and Gravimetric Geoid Models with Application to Fennoscandia[J].Journal of Geodesy,1998,72:64-70.
[11] BURŠA M,KOUBA J,MÜLLER A,et al.Determination of Geopotential Differences between Local Vertical Datums and Realization of a World Height System[J].Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica,2001,45:127-132.
[12] 李建成,姜卫平.长距离跨海高程基准传递方法的研究[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2001,26(6):514-517,532. LI Jiancheng,JIANG Weiping.Height Datum Transference within Long Distance across Sea[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2001,26(6):514-517,532.
[13] 郭海荣,焦文海,杨元喜,等.1985国家高程基准的系统差[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2004,29(8):715-719. GUO Hairong,JIAO Wenhai,YANG Yuanxi,LIU Guangming.Systematic Error of the 1985 National Height Datum[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2004,29(8):715-719.
[14] 焦文海,魏子卿,马欣,等.1985国家高程基准相对于大地水准面的垂直偏差[J].测绘学报,2002,31(3):196-200. JIAO Wenhai,WEI Ziqing,MA Xin,et al. The Origin Vertical Shift of National Height Datum 1985 with Respect to the Geoidal Surface[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2002,31(3):196-200.
[15] 赫林,李建成,褚永海.1985国家高程基准与全球高程基准之间的垂直偏差[J].测绘学报,2016,45(07):768-774. HE Lin,LI Jiancheng,CHU Yonghai,The Vertical Shift between 1985 National Height Datum and Global Vertical Datum[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2016,45(7):768-774.
[16] 郭海荣,焦文海,杨元喜.1985国家高程基准与全球似大地水准面之间的系统差及其分布规律[J].测绘学报,2004,33(2):100-104. GUO Hairong,JIAO Wenhai,YANG Yuanxi.The Systematic Difference and Its Distribution between the 1985 National Height Datum and the Global Quasigeoid[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2004,33(2):100-104.
[17] 余兆康,高家墉,巫锡良.中国平均海面与国家高程基准之间的偏差[J].台湾海峡,1989,8(2):97-104. YU Zhaokang,GAO Jiayong,WU Xiliang.Difference between Mean Seal level and National Geoid (1985) along the Coast of China[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,1989,8(2):97-104.
[18] 赵明才,韩晓宏.中国近海海面地形及青岛站高程基准的差距[J].海洋通报,1990,9(2):15-22. ZHAO Mingcai,HAN Xiaohong.China Offshore Sea-surface Topography and Qindao Station Elevation Datums's Difference[J].Marine Science Bulletin,1990,9(2):15-22.
[19] 方国洪,魏泽勋,方越,等.依据海洋环流模式和大地水准测量获取的中国近海平均海面高度分布[J].科学通报,2001,46(18):1572-1575. FANG Guohong,WEI Zexun,FANG Yue,et al.Distribution of Mean Sea Surface Height of China Sea with Ocean Circulation Model and Geodetic Leveling J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2001,46(18):1572-1575.
[20] 褚永海,李建成.联合全球重力场模型和海面高模型确定平均海面位常数[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2012,32(05):58-62. CHU Yonghai,LI Jiancheng,Determination of Mean Sea Level Geopotential from Global Gravity Field Model and Global Sea Surface Height Model[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2012,32(5):58-62.
[21] BURŠA M,KOUBA J,RADĚJ K,et al.Mean Earth's Equipotential Surface from TOPEX/Poseidon Altimetry[J].Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica,1998(42):459-466.
[22] BURŠA M,KOUBA J,KUMAR M,et al.Geoidal Geopotential and World Height System[J].Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica,1999(43):327-337.
[23] BURŠA M,KENYON S,KOUBA J,et al.Long-term Stability of Geoidal Geopotential from TOPEX/Poseidon Satellite Altimetry 1993-1999.[J].Earth,Moon,and Planets,2001(84):163-176.
[24] BURŠA M,KENYON S,KOUBA J,et al.A Global Vertical Reference Frame Based on Four Regional Vertical Datum[J].Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica,2004(48):493-502.
[25] DAYOUB N,EDWARDS S J,MOORE P.The Gauss-Listing Geopotential Value W₀ and Its Rate from Altimetric Mean Sea Level and GRACE[J].Journal of Geodesy,2012(86):681-694.
[26] 晁定波,申文斌,王正涛.确定全球厘米级精度大地水准面的可能性和方法探讨[J].测绘学报,2007,4(36):370-376. CHAO Dingbo,SHEN Wenbin,WANG Zhengtao.Investigations of the Possibility and Method of Determining Global Centimeter-level Geoid[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2007,36(4):370-376.
[27] 梁振英.大地水准面的严密定义和我国高程基准的选择[J].测绘通报,1985(2):1-7. LIANG Zhenying.The Rigorous Definition of the Geoid and the Choice of National Height Datum[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,1985(2):1-7.
[28] MORITZ H.Geodetic Reference System 1980[J].Journal of Geodesy,2000,74(1):128-133.
[29] GROTEN E.Parameters of Common Relevance of Astronomy,Geodesy and Geodynamics[J].Journal of Geodesy,2000,74(1):134-140.
[30] 程鹏飞,文汉江,成英燕,等.2000国家大地坐标系椭球参数与GRS 80和WGS 84的比较[J].测绘学报,2009,38(3):189-194. CHENG Pengfei,WEN Hanjiang,CHENG Yingyan,et al. Parameters of the CGCS 2000 Ellipsoid and Comparisons with GRS80 and WGS84[J],Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2009,38(3):189-194.
[31] DEFENSE-MAPPING-AGENCY.Department of Defense World Geodetic System 1984:Its Definition and Relationships with Local Geodetic Systems[R].Washington D,C:The Defense Mapping Agency,1987.
[32] BARTHELMES F.Definition of Functionals of the Geopotential and Their Calculation from Spherical Harmonic Models,STR09/02[R].Berlin:Deutsches Geo Forschungs Zentrum,2013.
[33] PAVLIS N K,HOLMES S A,KENYON S C,et al.The Development and Evaluation of the Earth Gravitational Model 2008(EGM2008)[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2012:117,440-448.
[34] HOFMANN-WELLENHOF B,MORITZ H.Physical Geodesy[M].Wien:Springer-Verlag,2006:403.
[35] BURŠA M.Geoidal Potential Free of Zero-frequency Tidal Distortion[J].Earth Moon & Planets,1995,71(1-2):59-64.
[36] 张红英,郭佳,张新兵,等.日月潮汐改正对精密水准测量的影响[J].海洋测绘,2011,31(3):12-15. Zhang Hongying,Guo Jia,Zhang Xinbing,et al. The Effect on the Precise Leveling about the Correct to Luni Solar Tides[J]. Hydrographic Surveying and Charting,2011,31(3):12-15.
[37] LEMOINE F G,KENYON S C,FACTOR J K,et al.The Development of the Joint NASA GSFC and the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) Geopotential Model EGM96[R].Washington DC:NASA/NIMA,1998.
[38] SHEN Z,SHEN W,ZHANG S.Formulation of Geopotential Difference Determination Using Optical-atomic Clocks Onboard Satellites and on Ground Based on Doppler Cancellation System[J].Geophysical Journal International,2016(206):1162-1168.
[39] SHEN Z,SHEN W,ZHANG S.Determination of Gravitational Potential at Ground Using Optical-atomic Clocks on Board Satellites and on Ground Stations and Relevant Simulation Experiments[J].Survey Geophysics,2017,38(4):757-780.

Options

文章导航

模态框（Modal）标题

摘要

本文引用格式

Abstract

参考文献