本文分3部分：第1部分是中国古代和近代地图学发展历史的简要回顾，阐明中国是世界上地图出现最早的国家之一，在世界地图学发展史上占有重要地位，对世界地图学的发展作出过重要贡献，直至15世纪的中国明代，中国地图和地图学始终领先于西方国家，只是清代以后，才落后于西方发达国家；第2部分阐述新中国成立后中国地图事业和地图学飞速发展，在全国地形图的测绘与编制、专题地图与地图集编制、遥感制图、计算机制图、多媒体电子地图、移动通信地图、互联网地图、地图学理论研究等方面取得了巨大成就，赶上了世界先进水平；第3部分提出新世纪中国地图与地图学方向与任务的调整，分析了大数据、互联网和人工智能时代地图学的机遇、挑战与展望。大数据通过三维动态地图可视化，能够显示事物和现象的空间格局与区域分异及时空动态变化，进而作出分析评价、预测预报、区划布局、规划设计、管理调控。因此地图学在大数据时代能够发挥重要作用。今后互联网将成为地图编制与应用的主要平台，地图会更加大众化、个性化、智能化与实用化。

This paper is divided into three parts. The first part of the article is a brief review of the developmental history of ancient and modern cartography in China. It shows that China is one of the earliest countries in the world to create maps. China played an important role in the development of cartography in the world, and has made significant contributions to the development of cartography. Up till the Ming Dynasty in 15^th Century, China's map and cartography had always been ahead of the Western countries, but fell behind only after the Qing Dynasty. The second part of the article describes the rapid development of China's mapping and cartography after the founding of the "New China", including the tremendous achievements in the areas of mapping and creation of national topographic maps, thematic maps and atlases, remote sensing cartography, computer-aided cartography, multimedia electronic maps, mobile communication maps, online maps, and theoretical research of cartography. China has caught up and reached the world's advanced level in cartography. The third part It proposes the direction and adjusted roles of mapping and cartography in China in the new century, and analyzes the opportunities, challenges and prospects of cartography in the era of big data, internet and artificial intelligence. Via visualization of 3D dynamic mapping, big data can show the spatial pattern and regional differentiation as well as temporal and spatial dynamic change of subjects and phenomena, and then make analysis and evaluation, forecast and early warning, zoning and layout, planning and design, management and regulation. Therefore cartography can play an important role in the era of big data. In the future, internet will become the main platform for map creation and application. Maps will be more popular, personalized, intelligent and practical.