X射线脉冲星导航议说

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2025.20240209

测绘学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (2): 207-212.doi: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2025.20240209

• 综述 •

X射线脉冲星导航议说

魏子卿¹^,²^,³()

^1.空间基准全国重点实验室，陕西　西安　710054
^2.西安测绘研究所，陕西　西安　710054
^3.深圳大学，广东　深圳　518060

收稿日期:2024-05-17 发布日期:2025-03-11
作者简介:魏子卿（1937—），男，研究员，中国工程院院士，研究方向为大地坐标系、大地边值问题及GNSS测量。　E-mail：ziqingw@sina.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42327802)

Talk about X-ray pulsar navigation

Ziqing WEI¹^,²^,³()

^1.State Key Laboratory of Spatial Datum, Xi'an 710054, China
^2.Xi'an Research Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Xi'an 710054, China
^3.Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

Received:2024-05-17 Published:2025-03-11
About author:WEI Ziqing (1937—), male, researcher, academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering, majors in geodetic coordinate system, geodetic boundary value problem and GNSS.　E-mail: ziqingw@sina.com
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(42327802)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

X射线脉冲星导航，本文定义为用飞行器测定脉冲到达的时间，推求空间飞行器的三维位置。当利用飞行器的先验轨道知识时，脉冲星导航实际上变成一种轨道改进。观测3或4颗毫秒脉冲星可以同时进行，也可以顺序依次进行。观测仪器可以是掠入射的反射望远镜，亦可是正入射的折射望远镜。后者有较短的焦距，适于导航设备的小型化和轻量化。脉冲星历表是脉冲星导航不可或缺的支撑条件，现在主要由地基射电望远镜网提供，将来可由空间飞行器本身产生。当前脉冲星导航的精度约为5 km，近期有望达到1 km，远期可能达到100 m的目标。脉冲星导航应用于深空，将来有可能扩展至近地空间。

关键词: X射线脉冲星导航, 折射式X射线望远镜, 飞行器导航, 脉冲星历表

Abstract:

X-ray pulsar navigation(XNAV) is defined in this paper as deriving the 3D position of spacecraft by using pulse arrival time observations. When using priori knowledge of spacecraft orbits, the XNAV essentially becomes an orbital improvement. Observing 3 or 4 pulsars can be performed either simultaneously or sequentially in proper order; observation instrument can be either a grazing reflective telescope or a normal refractive one. The latter may have a shorter focal length and would be suitable to miniaturization and lightweight of XNAV equipment. The pulsar ephemeris is an indispensable supporting condition, which is provided today by the ground-based radio telescope network and will be generated in the future by the spacecraft itself. The accuracy of XNAV is about 5 km currently, and be expected to reach 1 km in the near future and can possibly achieve the goal of 100 m level in the long term. The XNAV can be used at present in deep space, and may probably be expanded to near-Earth space in the future.

Key words: X-ray pulsar navigation, refractive X-ray pulsar telescope, spacecraft navigation, pulsar ephemeris

中图分类号:

P225.6

魏子卿. X射线脉冲星导航议说[J]. 测绘学报, 2025, 54(2): 207-212.

Ziqing WEI. Talk about X-ray pulsar navigation[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2025, 54(2): 207-212.

图/表 4

参考文献 20

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望远镜	焦距/m	有效面积/m²（1Kev，6Kev）	在轴角分辨率（HPD）/（″）	10'半径离轴角分辨率（HPD）/（″）
XMM-Newton	7.5	0.45，0.1	15.0	~18
Chandra	10	0.03 0.08，	0.5	~8
ATHENA	12	1.4，0.25	5.0	~5.7
LYNX（设计）	10	2，0.2	0.5	~1

X射线脉冲星导航议说

Talk about X-ray pulsar navigation

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