测绘学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (2): 301-314.doi: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2026.20250158

• 大地测量学与导 • 上一篇    

一种基于解分离的车载GNSS终端RTK完好性监测优化算法

李一1(), 王利1(), 舒宝1, 徐友建1, 李梦然1, 刘小峻1, 彭鑫2   

  1. 1.长安大学地质工程与测绘学院,陕西 西安 710054
    2.61363部队,陕西 西安 710000
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-28 修回日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-03-13
  • 通讯作者: 王利 E-mail:yi.li@chd.edu.cn;wangli@chd.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:李一(1999—),男,博士生,研究方向为GNSS/INS组合导航及服务可信监测。 E-mail:yi.li@chd.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(42127802);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2025JC-YBMS-251)

An optimization algorithm for RTK integrity monitoring based on solution separation for vehicle applications

Yi LI1(), Li WANG1(), Bao SHU1, Youjian XU1, Mengran LI1, Xiaojun LIU1, Xin PENG2   

  1. 1.School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
    2.Troops 61363, Xi'an 710000, China
  • Received:2025-04-28 Revised:2026-01-15 Published:2026-03-13
  • Contact: Li WANG E-mail:yi.li@chd.edu.cn;wangli@chd.edu.cn
  • About author:LI Yi (1999—), male, PhD candidate, majors in GNSS/INS integrated navigation and integrity monitoring. E-mail: yi.li@chd.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    The National Natural Science Foundation of China(42127802);The Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(2025JC-YBMS-251)

摘要:

实时动态差分因其高精度和收敛快等特性,已成为城市车载终端完好性监测算法的常用定位技术。然而,由于应用场景、终端设备及定位技术的差异,面向航空领域的完好性监测算法无法直接用于城市车载GNSS终端。为此,本文基于解分离方法,围绕故障检测和保护级计算两方面对RTK完好性监测算法进行优化,并对其应用效果进行验证。首先,利用各分量对应故障检验量的相似性,构造新的检验量,提高算法对异常观测的检测能力;然后,通过高斯两步包络法从观测残差中提取名义偏差,并分析偏差项对保护级的影响,提升保护级对定位误差的包络效果;最后,采用城市车载数据集验证优化算法的有效性及适用性。结果表明:在故障检测方面,解分离方法在双分量组合后的检测性能优于单分量,平均改善幅度为21.7%。相较于残差检验法,解分离方法对应的东向、北向、高程方向的精度和模糊度固定正确率分别提升了8.3%、11.5%、34.2%和18.9%。在保护级计算方面,顾及偏差项后,浮点解和固定解的保护级分别为7.273 m和0.218 m,且偏差项对浮点解的影响更为显著,其漏警率由8.2%降至0.3%,在一定程度上反映了顾及偏差项的必要性。

关键词: 实时动态差分, 完好性监测, 解分离, 双分量组合, 名义偏差

Abstract:

Real-time kinematic (RTK) has become a common positioning technique for urban vehicle terminal integrity monitoring algorithms due to its high accuracy and fast convergence. However, due to the differences in application scenarios, terminal equipment, and positioning techniques, the integrity monitoring algorithms in the aviation domain cannot be directly applied to urban vehicle-mounted GNSS terminals. Therefore, this paper optimizes the RTK integrity monitoring algorithm based on the solution separation method, focusing on fault detection and protection level calculation, and verifies its application effectiveness. First, the similarity of the corresponding detection statistics across directions is used to construct a new fault detection statistic, enhancing the algorithm's ability to detect abnormal observations. Then, the nominal bias is extracted from the observation residuals using a two-step Gaussian overbounding method, and the impact of the bias term on the protection level is analyzed to enhance the overbounding effect on positioning errors. Finally, the effectiveness and applicability of the optimized algorithm are validated using urban vehicle datasets. For fault detection, the solution separation method with a two-direction combination is better than that of the single direction, with an average improvement of 21.7%. Compared to the residual detection method, the solution separation method improves the positioning accuracy in the east, north and up directions by 8.3%, 11.5% and 34.2%, respectively, and the correct fix rate of ambiguity is improved by 18.9%. In the protection level calculation, the protection levels of the floating and the fixed solution after considering the nominal bias are 7.273 m and 0.218 m, respectively. The float solution is more significantly affected by the nominal bias, and its missed rate is reduced from 8.8% to 0.3%, reflecting the need to consider the nominal bias term.

Key words: real-time kinematic, integrity monitoring, solution separation, two-direction combination, nominal bias

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