关键词: 拓扑修复, 道路中心线, 骨架线提取, 道路矢量化, 矢量地图更新

Abstract:

Fully extracting road centerlines and reconstructing their topology is a crucial step in creating high-quality vector road networks from high-resolution remote sensing images. This process is invaluable for updating geographic information databases and supporting the development of smart cities. However, due to complex surface environments and image occlusions, existing automatic extraction methods often struggle to balance geometric accuracy with topological completeness. Common issues such as broken centerlines, distorted intersections, and missing connectivity significantly limit the reliability and usefulness of road network data derived from remote sensing images. To address this problem, this paper proposes a method for repairing and vectorizing road centerlines by combining skeleton morphology analysis with topological semantic recognition. First, it constructs basic road skeleton units using morphological thinning. By introducing topological invariant analysis, it builds multi-dimensional feature descriptors for skeleton points, enabling precise topological semantic identification of discrete points, line endpoints, points along lines, and intersections. Next, for complex road intersections, it designs a local structure decomposition strategy based on neighborhood morphology constraints. By establishing connectivity repair criteria for breakpoint pairs, it achieves topological reconstruction and geometric regularization of fractured skeletons. Finally, through smooth tracing, it generates a vector road network with complete topological relationships. We validated our method using the DeepGlobe and Massachusetts datasets. The results demonstrate that, compared to the original ME-Net extraction outcomes, the centerline node offset distance and the average road network offset distance decreased by 7.69% and 8.00%, respectively, after applying our repair method. Additionally, node completeness increased to 96.56%, and the average processing time was reduced by 4.63%. Tests have demonstrated that this method effectively overcomes issues such as topological breaks caused by road obstructions and distortions at intersections. It significantly improves the geometric accuracy and topological connectivity of vector road networks, providing reliable theoretical and technical support for automated road network production.

Key words: topology repair, road centerline, skeleton extraction, road vectorization, vector map update