北斗三号卫星导航信号接收机端伪距偏差建模与验证

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2021.20200584

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 接收机端伪距偏差是指非理想的卫星导航信号在接收机前端带宽和相关器间隔不同时产生的伪距测量系统性偏差。研究表明，北斗二号、GPS和Galileo系统均存在与接收机类型相关的伪距偏差，影响基于混合类型接收机站网的精密数据处理。本文基于iGMAS网和MGEX网观测数据，采用MW组合、伪距残差和伪距无几何距离无电离层组合3种方法分析北斗三号接收机端伪距偏差特性。试验结果表明，北斗三号同样存在与接收机类型相关的伪距偏差，且无电离层组合的伪距偏差可以达到6 ns。根据偏差特性，按接收机类型建立了8类伪距偏差改正模型。将上述模型应用于卫星差分码偏差（DCB）估计与单频伪距单点定位，结果表明，模型改正后可以显著提升不同接收机类型估计的卫星DCB一致性，其中基于iGMAS网和MGEX网两个不同接收机站网估计得到的北斗三号C2I-C6I、C1P-C5P和C2I-C7D DCB差值分别平均降低了91.6%、64.7%和71.9%；模型改正后单频伪距单点定位水平方向和高程方向精度分别提升了13.9%和11.0%。

关键词: 北斗三号全球导航卫星系统, 伪距偏差, 混合类型接收机, DCB估计

Abstract: Receiver pseudorange biases are systematic pseudorange biases caused by non-ideal satellite navigation signals among different bandwidths and correlator spaces. Studies indicate that BDS-2, GPS and Galileo are all influenced by receiver-related pseudorange biases, which will affect the precise data processing among inhomogeneous receivers. In this paper, we use three observation combinations, including Melbourne-Wübbena (MW), ionosphere-free (IF) and pseudorange ionosphere- and geometry-free (IFGF) combinations, to analyze the characteristics of BDS-3 pseudorange biases based on International GNSS Monitoring and Assessment System (iGMAS) and Multi-GNSS EXperiment (MGEX) observations. The results show that there are receiver-related pseudorange biases for BDS-3 and the IF combination biases can reach up to 6 ns. According to the characteristics of BDS-3 pseudorange biases, eight groups of corrections are estimated and validated by differential code bias (DCB) estimation and single-frequency single point positioning (SF-SPP). The results indicate that the consistency of BDS-3 satellite DCB estimated by different receiver groups can be significantly improved when corrections are used. For example, the difference of C2I-C6I、 C1P-C5P and C2I-C7D DCB estimated by iGMAS and MGEX receivers decrease by 91.6%、64.7% and 71.9%, respectively. Moreover, after correcting the pseudorange bias, the accuracy of SF-SPP are improved by 13.9% and 11.0% in vertical and horizontal components, respectively.

Key words: BDS-3, pseudorange bias, inhomogeneous receivers, DCB estimation

中图分类号:

P228

毛飞宇, 龚晓鹏, 辜声峰, 王琛琛, 楼益栋. 北斗三号卫星导航信号接收机端伪距偏差建模与验证[J]. 测绘学报, 2021, 50(4): 457-465.

MAO Feiyu, GONG Xiaopeng, GU Shengfeng, WANG Chenchen, LOU Yidong. Receiver pseudorange biases of BDS-3 satellite navigation signal: modeling and validation[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2021, 50(4): 457-465.

参考文献

[1] 杨元喜. 北斗卫星导航系统的进展、贡献与挑战[J]. 测绘学报, 2010, 39(1):1-6. YANG Yuanxi. Progress, contribution and challenges of compass/BeiDou satellite navigation system[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2010, 39(1):1-6.
[2] 郭树人, 蔡洪亮, 孟轶男, 等. 北斗三号导航定位技术体制与服务性能[J]. 测绘学报, 2019, 48(7):810-821. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2019.20190091. GUO Shuren, CAI Hongliang, MENG Yinan, et al. BDS-3 RNSS technical characteristics and service performance[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2019, 48(7):810-821. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2019.20190091.
[3] CHEN Qiuli, YANG Hui, CHEN Zhonggui, et al. Solar radiation pressure modeling and application of BDS satellites[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science, 2020, 3(2):45-52. DOI:10.11947/j.JGGS.2020.0205.
[4] LI Xingxing, XIE Weiliang, HUANG Jiaxin, et al. Estimation and analysis of differential code biases for BDS3/BDS2 using iGMAS and MGEX observations[J]. Journal of Geodesy, 2019, 93(3):419-435.
[5] 章浙涛, 李博峰, 何秀凤. 北斗三号多频相位模糊度无几何单历元固定方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2020, 49(9):1139-1148. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2020.20200325. ZHANG Zhetao, LI Bofeng, HE Xiufeng. Geometry-free single-epoch resolution of BDS-3 multi-frequency carrier ambi-guities[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2020, 49(9):1139-1148. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2020.20200325.
[6] 李昕, 郭际明, 周吕, 等. 一种精确估计区域北斗接收机硬件延迟的方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2016, 45(8):929-934. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2016.20160044. LI Xin, GUO Jiming, ZHOU Lü, et al. An accurate method for the BDS receiver DCB estimation in a regional network[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2016, 45(8):929-934. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2016.20160044.
[7] HAUSCHILD A, MONTENBRUCK O, SLEEWAEGEN J M, et al. Characterization of compass M-1 signals[J]. GPS Solutions, 2012, 16(1):117-126.
[8] WANNINGER L, BEER S. BeiDou satellite-induced code pseudorange variations:diagnosis and therapy[J]. GPS Solutions, 2015, 19(4):639-648.
[9] LOU Yidong, GONG Xiaopeng, GU Shengfeng, et al. Assessment of code bias variations of BDS triple-frequency signals and their impacts on ambiguity resolution for long baselines[J]. GPS Solutions, 2017, 21(1):177-186.
[10] 楼益栋, 龚晓鹏, 辜声峰, 等. 北斗卫星伪距码偏差特性及其影响分析[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2017, 42(8):1040-1046. LOU Yidong, GONG Xiaopeng, GU Shengfeng, et al. The characteristic and effect of code bias variations of BeiDou[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2017, 42(8):1040-1046.
[11] 汪捷, 何锡扬. 北斗卫星伪距多路径系统偏差的修正方法及其对单频PPP的影响分析[J]. 测绘学报, 2017, 46(7):841-847. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20170020. WANG Jie, HE Xiyang. Correction model of BeiDou code systematic multipath errors and its impacts on single-frequency PPP[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2017, 46(7):841-847. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20170020.
[12] 阮仁桂, 贾小林, 冯来平. BDS卫星星内多径及其对宽巷FCB解算的影响分析[J]. 测绘学报, 2017, 46(8):961-970. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20160418. RUAN Rengui, JIA Xiaolin, FENG Laiping. Analysis on BDS satellite internal multipath and its impact on wide-lane FCB estimation[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2017, 46(8):961-970. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20160418.
[13] ZHANG Xiaohong, WU Mingkui, LIU Wanke, et al. Initial assessment of the COMPASS/BeiDou-3:new-generation navigation signals[J]. Journal of Geodesy, 2017, 91(10):1225-1240.
[14] EDGAR C, CZOPEK F, BARKER B. A co-operative anomaly resolution on PRN-19[C]//Proceedings of the 12th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GPS 1999). Nashville, TN:ION, 1999:2269-2268.
[15] LESTARQUIT L, GREGOIRE Y, THEVENON P. Characterising the GNSS correlation function using a high gain antenna and long coherent integration-application to signal quality monitoring[C]//Proceedings of 2012 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium. Myrtle Beach, SC:IEEE, 2012:877-885.
[16] HEGARTY C J, POWERS E D, FONVILLE B. Accounting for timing biases between GPS, modernized GPS, and Galileo signals[C]//Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS 2005). Long Beach, CA:Long Beach Convention Center, 2005:2401-2407.
[17] 唐成盼, 宿晨庚, 胡小工, 等. 北斗卫星伪距偏差标定及对用户定位精度影响[J]. 测绘学报, 2020, 49(9):1131-1138. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2020.20200329. TANG Chengpan, SU Chengeng, HU Xiaogong, et al. Characterization of pesudorange bias and its effect on positioning for BDS satellites[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2020, 49(9):1131-1138. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2020.20200329.
[18] HAUSCHILD A, MONTENBRUCK O. A study on the dependency of GNSS pseudorange biases on correlator spacing[J]. GPS Solutions, 2016, 20(2):159-171.
[19] HAUSCHILD A, STEIGENBERGER P, MONTENBRUCK O. Inter-receiver GNSS pseudorange biases and their effect on clock and DCB estimation[C]//Proceedings of the 32nd International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+2019). Miami, Florida:ION, 2019:3675-3685.
[20] GONG Xiaopeng, LOU Yidong, ZHENG Fu, et al. Evaluation and calibration of BeiDou receiver-related pseudorange biases[J]. GPS Solutions, 2018, 22(4):98.
[21] ZHENG Fu, GONG Xiaopeng, LOU Yidong, et al. Calibration of BeiDou triple-frequency receiver-related pseudorange biases and their application in BDS precise positioning and ambiguity resolution[J]. Sensors, 2019, 19(16):3500.
[22] GONG Xiaopeng, GU Shengfeng, ZHENG Fu, et al. Improving GPS and Galileo precise data processing based on calibration of signal distortion biases[J]. Measurement, 2021, 174:108981.
[23] MELBOURNE W G. The case for ranging in GPS based geodetic systems[C]//Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Precise Positioning with the Global Positioning System. Rockville, MD:U.S. Department of Commerce, 1985:373-386.
[24] WVBBENA G. Software developments for geodetic positioning with GPS using TI 4100 code and carrier measurements[C]//Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Precise Positioning with the Global Positioning System. Rockville, MD:U.S. Department of Commerce, 1985:403-412.
[25] MONTENBRUCK O, STEIGENBERGER P, PRANGE L, et al. The multi-GNSS experiment (MGEX) of the international GNSS service (IGS)-achievements, prospects and challenges[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2017, 59(7):1671-1697.
[26] MONTENBRUCK O, STEIGENBERGER P, KHACHIKYAN R, et al. IGS-MGEX:preparing the ground for multi-constellation GNSS science[J]. Inside GNSS, 2014, 9(1):42-49.
[27] JIAO W. International GNSS monitoring and assessment system (iGMAS) and latest progress[C]//Proceedings of 2014 China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC). Nanjing:CSNC, 2014.
[28] 陈康慷, 徐天河, 杨玉国, 等. iGMAS GNSS钟差产品综合与评估[J]. 测绘学报, 2016, 45(S2):46-53. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2016.F025. CHEN Kangkang, XU Tianhe, YANG Yuguo, et al. Combination and assessment of GNSS clock products from iGMAS analysis centers[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2016, 45(S2):46-53. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2016.F025.
[29] MONTENBRUCK O, HAUSCHILD A, STEIGENBERGER P. Differential code bias estimation using multi-GNSS observations and global ionosphere maps[J]. Navigation, 2014, 61(3):191-201.