超导重力数据检测到的2011年日本东北大地震(Mw 9.0)震前重力异常及同震重力变化

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2022.20210014

测绘学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (1): 63-70.doi: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2022.20210014

超导重力数据检测到的2011年日本东北大地震(M_w 9.0)震前重力异常及同震重力变化

董杰¹, 张泽宇¹, 文汉江¹, 孙文科²

1. 中国测绘科学研究院, 北京 100036;
2. 中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2021-01-14 修回日期:2021-08-17 发布日期:2022-02-15
作者简介:董杰(1987-),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向为地震大地测量学。E-mail:dongjie@casm.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（41604067；41974093；41331066；41774088）；中央高校基本科研业务费（AR2016；AR2103）

Pre-seismic anomalies and co-seismic gravity changes of 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake (M_w 9.0) detected by superconducting gravity data

DONG Jie¹, ZHANG Zeyu¹, WEN Hanjiang¹, SUN Wenke²

1. Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100036, China;
2. College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2021-01-14 Revised:2021-08-17 Published:2022-02-15
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41604067; 41974093; 41331066; 41774088); The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos. AR2016; AR2103)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 高精度的超导重力数据已广泛应用于地球动力学的研究，对大地震前重力异常和同震重力变化的探测有助于震源机制和地震预警的研究，同时高精度的同震观测数据可用于断层滑动模型的反演。本文利用日本、中国及欧洲7个超导台站2011年3月的秒采样数据研究日本东北大地震（M_w 9.0）产生的重力变化，经潮汐、气压、漂移等预处理改正后，得到改正后的重力变化。对比同时段日本岛附近发生的2861次M_b≥4级地震，分析滤波后的重力变化数据，排除非主震的影响，发现0.12 Hz≤f≤0.18 Hz频段显示了明显的震前重力异常扰动信息，所有台站在震前89 h均开始出现重力异常扰动，Medicina站的震前最大异常扰动振幅达到28×10^-8 m/s²。另外，利用球形位错理论及地震的CMT解计算得到的地表同震重力变化理论值与超导重力观测值非常接近，同震重力变化绝对值与震中距成反比，近场站点的观测值比远场站点更接近于理论计算值，前者可作为断层反演的约束条件。

关键词: 超导重力数据, 震前重力异常, 同震重力变化, 日本东北大地震, 球形位错理论

Abstract: High-precision superconducting gravity data had been widely used in the study of geodynamics. The detection of the pre-seismic anomalies and co-seismic gravity changes caused by a huge earthquake is helpful to the study of focal mechanism and early warning. Meanwhile, the co-seismic observations can be used in the inversion of fault slip model. We study the gravity changes caused by the Tohoku-Oki earthquake (M_w 9.0) using the second sampling data in March 2011 of 7 Superconducting Stations in Japan, China and Europe. We obtained the corrected gravity changes by the preprocessing of tide, air-pressure and drift correction, et al. Comparing the 2861 M_b ≥ 4 earthquakes near the Japan island at the same period and analyzing the filtered gravity changes, we can exclude the influence of non-main earthquakes and find the obvious pre-seismic anomalies at frequencies 0.12 Hz ≤ f ≤ 0.18 Hz. The pre-seismic anomalies occurred 89 h before the earthquake for all the stations. The maximum amplitude of pre-seismic anomalies reaches 28×10^-8 m/s² at Medicina. Moreover, the theoretical co-seismic gravity changes simulated by the spherical dislocation theory and the CMT solution, are very close to the observed values of superconducting gravimeters. The absolute values of co-seismic gravity changes are inversely proportional to the epicenter distances.The observations at near-field are closer to the theoretical calculations than that at far-field, and the former can be used as the constraints for fault inversion.

Key words: superconducting gravity data, pre-seismic anomalies, co-seismic gravity changes, Tohoku-Oki earthquake, the spherical dislocation theory

中图分类号:

P312

董杰, 张泽宇, 文汉江, 孙文科. 超导重力数据检测到的2011年日本东北大地震(M_w 9.0)震前重力异常及同震重力变化[J]. 测绘学报, 2022, 51(1): 63-70.

DONG Jie, ZHANG Zeyu, WEN Hanjiang, SUN Wenke. Pre-seismic anomalies and co-seismic gravity changes of 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake (M_w 9.0) detected by superconducting gravity data[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2022, 51(1): 63-70.

参考文献

[1] 许厚泽, 孙和平.国际GGP计划和武汉超导重力仪观测[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2003, 28(S1):18-22. XU Houze, SUN Heping. GGP project and observations using Wuhan superconducting gravimeter[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2003, 28(S1):18-22.
[2] 孙和平, 许厚泽, 罗少聪,等. 用超导重力仪的潮汐观测资料研究海潮模型[J]. 测绘学报, 1999, 28(2):115-120. SUN Heping, XU Houze, LUO Shaocong, et al. Study of the ocean models using tidal gravity observations obtained with superconducting gravimeter[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 1999, 28(2):115-120.
[3] 孙和平, 许厚泽, 周江存,等. 武汉超导重力仪观测最新结果和海潮模型研究[J]. 地球物理学报, 2005, 48(2):299-307. SUN Heping, XU Houze, ZHOU Jiangcun, et al. Latest observation results from superconducting gravimeter at station Wuhan and investigation of the ocean tide models[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese), 2005, 48(2):299-307.
[4] 孙和平, DUCARME B, 许厚泽,等. 基于全球超导重力仪观测研究海潮和固体潮模型的适定性[J]. 中国科学(D辑:地球科学), 2005, 35(7):649-657. SUN Heping, DUCARME B, XU Houze, et al. Adaptability of the ocean and Earth tidal models based on global observations of the superconducting gravimeter[J]. Science in China Series D-Earth Sciences (in Chinese), 2005, 35(7):649-657.
[5] DING H, CHAO B F. Solid pole tide in global GPS and superconducting gravimeter observations:signal retrieval and inference for mantle anelasticity[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2017, 459:244-251.
[6] 雷湘鄂, 许厚泽, 孙和平. 由5个国际超导重力仪台站资料检测到的秘鲁8.2级大地震所激发的球型自由震荡现象[J]. 中国科学(D辑:地球科学), 2004, 34(5):483-491. LEI Xiange, XU Houze, SUN Heping, et al. Detection of Spheroidal free oscillation excited by Peru 8.2 Ms earthquake with five international superconducting gravimeter data[J]. Scientia Sinica (Tevrae), 2004, 34(5):483-491.
[7] 万永革, 盛书中, 周公威,等. 中国数字地震台网记录的苏门答腊-安达曼地震激发的地球球型自由振荡的检测[J]. 地震学报, 2007, 29(4):369-381. WAN Yongge, SHENG Shuzhong, ZHOU Gongwei, et al. Spheroidal oscillations of the Earth stimulated by the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake with CDSN Data[J]. Acta seismologica sinica, 2007, 29(4):369-381.
[8] 许闯, 罗志才, 周波阳,等. 利用超导重力数据检测汶川地震激发的球型地球自由振荡[J]. 测绘学报, 2013, 42(4):501-507. XU Chuang, LUO Zhicai, ZHOU Boyang, et al. Detecting spheroidal modes of Earth's free oscillation excitated by Wenchuan earthquake using superconducting gravity observations[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2013, 42(4):501-507.
[9] 徐建桥, 孙和平, 周江存. 内核平动三重谱线的实验探测[J]. 科学通报, 2009, 54(22):3483-3490. XU Jianqiao, SUN Heping, ZHOU Jiangcun. Experimental detection of the inner core translational triplet[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2009, 54(22):3483-3490.
[10] SHEN W B, DING H. Detection of the inner core translational triplet using superconducting gravimetric observations[J]. Journal of Earth Science, 2013, 24(5):725-735.
[11] 韦进,李辉,刘子维,等.武汉九峰地震台超导重力仪观测分析研究[J].地球物理学报,2012, 55(6):1894-1902. WEI Jin, LI Hui, LIU Ziwei, et al. Observation of superconducting gravimeter at Jiufeng seismic station[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese),2012, 55(6):1894-1902.
[12] SHEN W B, WANG D J, HWANG C W. Anomalous signals prior to Wenchuan earthquake detected by superconducting gravimeter and broadband seismometers records[J]. Journal of Earth Science, 2011, 22(5):640-651.
[13] 张克亮, 马瑾, 魏东平. 超导重力仪检测2011年日本东北M_w 9.0级地震前的重力扰动信号[J]. 地球物理学报, 2013, 56(7):2292-2302. ZHANG Keliang, MA Jin, WEI Dongping. Detection of gravity anomalies before the 2011 M_w 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake using superconducting gravimeters[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese), 2013, 56(7):2292-2302.
[14] IMANISHI Y, SATO T, HIGASHI T, et al. A network of superconducting gravimeters detects submicrogal coseismic gravity changes[J]. Science, 2004, 306(5695), 476-478.
[15] HWANG C, KAO R, CHENG C C, et al. Results from parallel observation of superconducting and absolute gravimeters and GPS at the Hsinchu station of Global Geodynamics Project, Taiwan[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, 2009, 114(B07406).
[16] SUN W, OKUBO S. Surface potential and gravity changes due to internal dislocations in a spherical earth. Ⅰ. Theory for a point dislocation[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 1993, 114(3):569-592.
[17] SUN W, OKUBO S. Surface potential and gravity changes due to internal dislocations in a spherical Earth. Ⅱ. Application to a Finite Fault[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 1998, 132(1):79-88.
[18] SUN W, OKUBO S, FU G, et al. General formulations of global co-seismic deformations caused by an arbitrary dislocation in a spherically symmetric Earth model-applicable to deformed Earth surface and space-fixed point[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2009, 177(2):817-833.
[19] SUN W, OKUBO S. Effects of Earth's spherical curvature and radial heterogeneity in dislocation studies-for a point dislocation[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2002, 29(12), 46(1-4).
[20] DONG J, SUN W K, ZHOU X, et al. Effects of Earth's layered structure, gravity and curvature on coseismic deformation[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2014, 199(3):1442-1451.
[21] VAN C M, VAUTERIN P. Tsoft:graphical and interactive software for the analysis of time series and Earth tides[J]. Computers & Geosciences, 2005, 31(5):631-640.
[22] 郝晓光, 胡小刚. 宽带地震仪资料证实汶川大地震"震前重力扰动"[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2008, 23(4):1332-1335. HAO Xiaoguang, HU Xiaogang. Disturbance before the Wenchuan earthquake detected by broadband seismometer[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2008, 23(4):1332-1335.
[23] 胡小刚, 郝晓光, 薛秀秀. 汶川大地震前非台风扰动现象的研究[J]. 地球物理学报, 2010, 53(12):2875-2886. HU Xiaogang, HAO Xiaoguang, XUE Xiuxiu. The analysis of the non-typhoon-induced microseisms before the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese), 2010, 53(12):2875-2886.
[24] 马瑾, SHERMAN S I, 郭彦双. 地震前亚失稳应力状态的识别——以5°拐折断层变形温度场演化的实验为例[J]. 中国科学:地球科学, 2012, 42(5):633-645. MA Jin, SHERMAN S I, GUO Yanshuang. Identification of meta-stable stress state based on experimental study of evolution of the temperature field during stick-slip instability on a 5°bending fault[J]. Science China Earth Sciences (in Chinese), 2012, 42(5):633-645.
[25] 马瑾, 马胜利, 刘力强,等. 断层几何结构与物理场的演化及失稳特征[J]. 地震学报, 1996, 18(2):200-207. MA Jin, MA Shengli, LIU Liqing, et al. Physical field evolution and instability properties of fault geometry[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese), 1996, 18(2):200-207.
[26] DZIEWONSKI A M, ANDERSON D L. Preliminary Reference Earth Model[J]. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 1981, 25(4):297-356.
[27] CAMBIOTTI G, SABADINI R. A source model for the great 2011 Tohoku earthquake (M_w=9.1) from inversion of GRACE gravity data[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2012, 335-336(3):72-79.
[28] WANG L, SHUM C K, SIMONS F J, et al. Coseismic slip of the 2010 M_w 8.8 Great Maule, Chile, earthquake quantified by the inversion of GRACE observation[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2012, 335-336:167-179.

超导重力数据检测到的2011年日本东北大地震(M_w 9.0)震前重力异常及同震重力变化

Pre-seismic anomalies and co-seismic gravity changes of 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake (M_w 9.0) detected by superconducting gravity data

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 3

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	孙和平, 徐建桥, 崔小明. 重力场的地球动力学与内部结构应用研究进展[J]. 测绘学报, 2017, 46(10): 1290-1299.
[2]	高春春陆洋张子占史红岭杜宗亮朱传东. GOCE地球重力场模型在青藏地区的评价及分析[J]. 测绘学报, 2014, 43(1): 21-29.
[3]	王林海, 陈石, 庄建仓, 卢红艳, 张贝, 杨锦玲. 精密重力测量中相对重力仪格值系数的贝叶斯估计方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2020, 49(12): 1543-1553.

超导重力数据检测到的2011年日本东北大地震(Mw 9.0)震前重力异常及同震重力变化

Pre-seismic anomalies and co-seismic gravity changes of 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake (Mw 9.0) detected by superconducting gravity data

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 3

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

超导重力数据检测到的2011年日本东北大地震(M_w 9.0)震前重力异常及同震重力变化

Pre-seismic anomalies and co-seismic gravity changes of 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake (M_w 9.0) detected by superconducting gravity data