顾及多级空间索引结构的矢量地图局部加密方法

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2024.20220564

测绘学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (3): 569-581.doi: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2024.20220564

顾及多级空间索引结构的矢量地图局部加密方法

丁晨¹, 彭程¹, 唐建波^1,2, 邓敏^1,2,3, 杨学习^1,2, 刘慧敏^1,2

1. 中南大学地球科学与信息物理学院, 湖南长沙 410083;
2. 湖南省地理空间信息工程技术研究中心, 湖南长沙 410018;
3. 江西师范大学地理与环境学院, 江西南昌 330022

收稿日期:2022-09-30 修回日期:2023-06-06 发布日期:2024-04-08
通讯作者: 唐建波 E-mail:jianbo.tang@csu.edu.cn
作者简介:丁晨(1996—),男,博士生,研究方向为地理空间数据挖掘与模式发现。E-mail:jagndc@csu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42271462;42171441;42271485);湖南省自然科学基金(2021JJ40727;2020JJ4749;2022JJ40585);湖南省自然资源厅科研项目(20230121XX);江西省“双千计划”第三批引进类创新领军人才短期项目(jxsq2020102062)

A local encryption method for vector maps based on multilevel spatial index structure

DING Chen¹, PENG Cheng¹, TANG Jianbo^1,2, DENG Min^1,2,3, YANG Xuexi^1,2, LIU Huimin^1,2

1. School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. Hunan Geospatial Information Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha 410018, China;
3. School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China

Received:2022-09-30 Revised:2023-06-06 Published:2024-04-08
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 42271462; 42171441; 42271485); The Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Nos. 2021JJ40727; 2020JJ4749; 2022JJ40585); Research Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Natural Resources (No.20230121XX); The Third Batch of Short-term Projects for Introducing Innovative Leading Talents in Jiangxi Province's “Double Thousand Plan” (No. jxsq2020102062)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着地理信息产业的蓬勃发展,地图与各类生活服务深度融合,地图从专业化应用逐步走向大众化应用。大数据时代的到来,为地图数据的分发、共享、获取与动态更新等提供了极大便利,但伴随而来的是地图数据传输过程中面临的信息泄露、窃取等安全隐患问题也日益严峻。现有的矢量地图加密方法大多是在经典密码学算法基础上扩展而来,虽然已有加密方法考虑到矢量地图的特征,但是现有方法大多仍以整个地图或图层为加密单元,在用户需要访问某个局部的感兴趣区域时需要对整个地图文件或图层进行解密,对于矢量地图的按需局部加密仍未提出有效方案,还难以满足大数据时代地图按需用图、众包地图数据采集与云端更新等应用场景对矢量地图局部加密的应用需求。为此,本文从矢量地图的数据结构特点出发,提出了一种顾及多级空间索引的矢量地图局部加密方法。通过点、线、面不同矢量地图数据的加密试验分析,结果表明:①本文方法可以有效实现矢量地图的局部加解密;②相比于现有加密方法,本文方法采用局部加密策略,且支持多级分块并行加密,具有更高的加密效率;③本文针对不同加密单元采用不同加密参数,显著提高了加密算法的抗攻击能力。

关键词: 矢量地图加密, 空间索引, 混沌系统, 局部加密, 众包数据

Abstract: Vector maps are the basic data sources of location-based services. In the big data era, vector maps have been used in most of our daily life service applications. The development of big data technologies, which provide great convenience for sending, sharing, acquisition and dynamic update of vector maps, also make it is severe of the security risks such as information leakage and stealing in the process of map data transmission. Existing map encryption methods are usually based on traditional cryptographic algorithms and encrypt the entire vector map, without making full use of the spatial data structure and the distribution characteristics of geographical entities in maps, which make it is difficult for these methods to encrypt parts of the data and cannot meet the needs of applications such as crowdsourced data collection, personalized map services for encrypting parts of the data rather than the entire data. Therefore, this paper proposes a local encryption method for vector maps based on multilevel spatial index structure. Experimental results on real point, line and polygon vector maps show that: ① The proposed method can effectively perform local encryption and local decryption for vector maps; ② Compared with the state-of-the art encryption methods, the proposed method has higher encryption efficiency; ③ The security and the anti-attack ability of the proposed method are significantly improved by using different encryption parameters for different encryption units, which ensures the security of the encryption results.

Key words: vector map encryption, spatial index, chaotic system, local encryption, crowdsourced data

中图分类号:

P208

丁晨, 彭程, 唐建波, 邓敏, 杨学习, 刘慧敏. 顾及多级空间索引结构的矢量地图局部加密方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2024, 53(3): 569-581.

DING Chen, PENG Cheng, TANG Jianbo, DENG Min, YANG Xuexi, LIU Huimin. A local encryption method for vector maps based on multilevel spatial index structure[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2024, 53(3): 569-581.

参考文献

[1] 王家耀. 地理信息系统的发展与发展中的地理信息系统[J]. 中国工程科学, 2009, 11(2):10-16. WANG Jiayao. Development of geographic information system and developing geographic information system[J]. Engineering Sciences, 2009, 11(2):10-16.
[2] 周成虎. 全空间地理信息系统展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2015, 34(2):129-131. ZHOU Chenghu. Prospects on pan-spatial information system[J]. Progress in Geography, 2015, 34(2):129-131.
[3] YAN Haowen, ZHANG Liming, YANG Weifang. A normalization-based watermarking scheme for 2D vector map data[J]. Earth Science Informatics, 2017, 10(4):471-481.
[4] WANG Xiaolong, YAN Haowen, ZHANG Liming, et al. An encryption algorithm for vector maps based on the Gaussian random and Haar transform[J]. Journal of Spatial Science, 2023, 68(2):303-318.
[5] 闵连权. 一种鲁棒的矢量地图数据的数字水印[J]. 测绘学报, 2008, 37(2):262-267. MIN Lianquan. A robust digital watermarking in cartographic data in vector format[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2008, 37(2):262-267.
[6] BERTINO E, THURAISINGHAM B, GERTZ M, et al. Securityand privacy for geospatial data:concepts and research directions[C]//Proceedings of the SIGSPATIAL ACM GIS 2008 International Workshop on Security and Privacy in GIS and LBS. Irvine:ACM Press,2008:6-19.
[7] 闵连权, 李强, 杨玉彬, 等. 矢量地图数据的水印技术综述[J]. 测绘科学技术学报, 2009, 26(2):96-102. MIN Lianquan, LI Qiang, YANG Yubin, et al. A survey of watermarking techniques for vector map data[J]. Journal of Geomatics Science and Technology, 2009, 26(2):96-102.
[8] 朱长青. 地理数据数字水印和加密控制技术研究进展[J]. 测绘学报, 2017, 46(10):1609-1619. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20170301. ZHU Changqing. Research progresses in digital watermarking and encryption control for geographical data[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2017, 46(10):1609-1619. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20170301.
[9] 吕文清, 张黎明, 马磊, 等. BIBD的矢量空间数据数字指纹算法[J]. 测绘科学, 2017, 42(12):134-139. LV Wenqing, ZHANG Liming, MA Lei, et al. A digital fingerprinting algorithm for vector spatialdata using BIBD[J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping, 2017, 42(12):134-139.
[10] 陈金萍, 张黎明, 蒋美容, 等. 运用GD-PBIBD编码的矢量空间数据数字指纹算法[J]. 测绘通报, 2020(8):81-86, 100. CHEN Jinping, ZHANG Liming, JIANG Meirong, et al. Digital fingerprint algorithm for vector spatial data using GD-PBIBD coding[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping, 2020(8):81-86, 100.
[11] 方晓乐, 吴永静, 陈鑫祥, 等. 一种适用于移动端瓦片地图的加密方法[J]. 测绘通报, 2017(2):116-119. FANG Xiaole, WU Yongjing, CHEN Xinxiang, et al. A novel map encryption solution for mobile map application on tiles[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping, 2017(2):116-119.
[12] RYBALOV N B, ZHUKOVSKY O I. Access to the spatial data in the web-oriented GIS[C]//Proceedings of 2007 Siberian Conference on Control and Communications. Tomsk:IEEE, 2007:104-107.
[13] WU Feiquan, CUI Weihong, CHEN Houwu. A compound chaos-based encryption algorithm for vector geographic data under network circumstance[C]//Proceedings of 2008 Congress on Image and Signal Processing. Sanya:IEEE, 2008:254-258.
[14] 李安波, 王海荣, 周卫. 基于二维混沌系统的矢量数字地图置乱加密[J]. 中国矿业大学学报, 2015, 44(4):747-753. LI Anbo, WANG Hairong, ZHOU Wei. Scrambling encryption of vector digital map based on 2D chaos system[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2015, 44(4):747-753.
[15] COPPERSMITH D. The data encryption standard (DES) and its strength against attacks[J]. IBM Journal of Research and Development, 1994, 38(3):243-250.
[16] PAAR C, PELZL J. The advanced encryption standard (AES)[M]//Understanding Cryptography. Berlin:Springer, 2010:87-121.
[17] 全国网络安全标准化技术委员会. 信息安全技术SM4分组密码算法:GB/T 32907-2016[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社, 2017. National Information Security Standardization Technical Committee. Information security technology-SM4 block cipher algorithm:GB/T 32907-2016[S]. Beijing:China Standard Publishing House, 2017.
[18] RIVEST R L, SHAMIR A, ADLEMAN L. A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems[J]. Communications of the ACM, 1978, 21(2):120-126.
[19] KOBLITZ N. Elliptic curve cryptosystems[J]. Mathematics of computation, 1987, 48:203-209.
[20] 全国网络安全标准化技术委员会. 信息安全技术SM2密码算法使用规范:GB/T 35276-2017[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社, 2018. National Information Security Standardization Technical Committee. Information security technology-SM2 cryptographic algorithm usage specification:GB/T 35276-2017[S]. Beijing:China Standard Publishing House, 2018.
[21] 钟尚平, 高庆狮. 网络环境下地图的混沌加密实用算法[J]. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2004, 16(2):238-242. ZHONG Shangping, GAO Qingshi. Practical map encryption algorithm based on chaos system under network circumstance[J]. Journal of Computer Aided Design & Computer Graphics, 2004, 16(2):238-242.
[22] 闵连权. 矢量地图数据的加密算法[J]. 海洋测绘, 2005, 25(2):55-57. MIN Lianquan. Encryption algorithm of vector map data[J]. Hydrographic Surveying and Charting, 2005, 25(2):55-57.
[23] 张翰林, 王青山, 邹永初. 复合混沌系统的矢量数据加密研究[J]. 测绘科学, 2012, 37(5):87-89. ZHANG Hanlin, WANG Qingshan, ZOU Yongchu. Encryption of vector data based on composite chaotic system[J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping, 2012, 37(5):87-89.
[24] WANG Xiaolong, YAN Haowen, ZHANG Liming. Vector map encryption algorithm based on double random position permutation strategy[J]. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2021, 10(5):311.
[25] BANG N V, LEE S H, MOON K S, et al. Encryption algorithm using polyline simplification for gis vector map[J]. Journal of Korea Multimedia Society, 2016, 19(8):1453-1459.
[26] PHAM N G, KWON K R, LEE S H, et al. Selective encryption algorithm for vector map using geometric objects in frequency domain[J]. Journal of Korea Multimedia Society, 2017, 20(8):1312-1320.
[27] 朱长青, 任娜, 徐鼎捷. 地理信息安全技术研究进展与展望[J]. 测绘学报, 2022, 51(6):1017-1028. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2022.20220172. ZHU Changqing, REN Na, XU Dingjie. Geo-information security technology:progress and prospects[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2022, 51(6):1017-1028. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2022.20220172.
[28] 全国网络安全标准化技术委员会. 信息安全技术SM3密码杂凑算法:GB/T 32905-2016[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社, 2017. National Information Security Standardization Technical Committee. Information security techniques-SM3 crytographic hashalgorithm:GB/T 32905-2016[S]. Beijing:China Standard Publishing House, 2017.
[29] BECKMANN N, KRIEGEL H P, SCHNEIDER R, et al. The R^*-tree:an efficient and robust access method for points and rectangles[C]//Proceedings of 1990 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data. Atlantic City:ACM Press, 1990:322-331.
[30] PÉREZ G, CERDEIRA H A. Extracting messages masked by chaos[J]. Physical Review Letters, 1995, 74(11):1970-1973.
[31] CHEN C H, SHEU L J, CHEN H K, et al. A new hyper-chaotic system and its synchronization[J]. Nonlinear Analysis:Real World Applications, 2009, 10(4):2088-2096.
[32] LAAREM G. A new 4D hyper chaotic system generated from the 3D Rösslor chaotic system, dynamical analysis, chaos stabilization via an optimized linear feedback control, it's fractional order model and chaos synchronization using optimized fractional order sliding mode control[J]. Chaos Solitons and Fractals, 2021, 152:111437.
[33] PECORA L. Hyperchaos harnessed[J]. Physics World, 1996, 9(5):17.
[34] 杜之波, 吴震, 王敏, 等. 针对基于SM3的HMAC的能量分析攻击方法[J]. 通信学报, 2016, 37(5):38-43. DU Zhibo, WU Zhen, WANG Min, et al. Power analysis attack of HMAC based on SM3[J]. Journal on Communications, 2016, 37(5):38-43.
[35] 国家密码管理局. 基于口令的密钥派生规范:GM/T 0091-2020[S].北京:[s.n.],2021. State Cipher Administration. Password-based cryptography standard:GM/T 0091-2020[S]. Beijng:[s.n.],2021.
[36] LI Y, ZHANG L, WANG H, et al. Multiple security protection algorithm for GF-2 images based on commutative encryption and watermarking[C]//Proceedings of 2021 Spatial Data and Intelligence.Hangzhou:Springer International Publishing, 2021, 141-147.
[37] International Organization for Standardization. Information technology-security techniques-encryption algorithms-part 3:block ciphers-amendment 1:SM4:ISO/IEC 18033-3:2010/AMD 1:2021[EB/OL].[2022-09-29].https://www.iso.org/standard/81564.html.
[38] VAN B N, LEE S H, KWON K R. Selective encryption algorithm using hybrid transform for GIS vector map[J]. Journal of Information Processing Systems, 2017, 13(1):68-82.
[39] PHA M, NG O, BU I, et al. Vector map random encryption algorithm based on multi-scale simplification and Gaussian distribution[J]. Applied Sciences, 2019, 9(22):4889.

顾及多级空间索引结构的矢量地图局部加密方法

A local encryption method for vector maps based on multilevel spatial index structure

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 8

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	吴政, 武鹏达, 李成名. 对等网络下自适应层级的矢量数据时空索引构建方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2019, 48(11): 1369-1379.
[2]	赖广陵, 童晓冲, 丁璐, 秦志远. 三维空间格网的多尺度整数编码与数据索引方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2018, 47(7): 1007-1017.
[3]	曹雪峰, 万刚, 张宗佩. 紧致的Hilbert曲线Gray码索引算法[J]. 测绘学报, 2016, 45(S1): 90-98.
[4]	付仲良, 胡玉龙, 翁宝凤, 彭瑞. M-Quadtree索引:一种基于改进四叉树编码方法的云存储环境下空间索引方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2016, 45(11): 1342-1351.
[5]	吴明光. 一种空间分布模式驱动的空间索引[J]. 测绘学报, 2015, 44(1): 108-115.
[6]	段红伟孟令奎黄长青李颖李继园 . 基于SPARQL查询的地理语义空间索引构建方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2014, 43(2): 193-199.
[7]	王晏民,郭明. 大规模点云数据的二三维混合索引方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2012, 41(4): 0-590.
[8]	龚俊,朱庆,张叶廷,李晓明,周东波. 顾及多细节层次的三维R树索引扩展方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2011, 40(2): 249-255.