利用恒星与低轨卫星同时成像实现地面定位的算法

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2024.20230079

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

天文定位技术抗干扰性强，隐蔽性好，误差不随时间积累，在陆基、海基、空天基平台上应用广泛。近些年，低轨巨星座技术迅猛发展，为导航技术的发展提供了契机。本文提出了一种基于低轨卫星光学观测的定位算法，以星间角距作为基本观测量，详细推导了定位模型，分析了影响定位精度的主要误差源，给出了误差传播公式。基于星链星座的仿真试验表明，本文算法平均定位精度可达30.5 m，其中北向、东向、天向平均定位精度分别为4.3、6.3、29.5 m。本文算法不仅保留了传统天文定位技术的优点，而且无须水平基准，为小型化、快速化和自动化天文导航装备的研制提供了一种思路，具有潜在的应用价值。

关键词: 天文定位, 低轨卫星, 星间角距, 精度分析

Abstract:

Celestial positioning is widely used in land-based, sea-based, air-based and space-based platforms for its advantages of strong anti-interference, good concealment and non-accumulated error with time. In recent years, the rapid development of low-orbit giant constellation technology has provided an opportunity for the development of navigation technology. In this paper, we propose a positioning algorithm based on optical observation of low-Earth orbiter (LEO). First of all, the angles between the LEO and stars are considered as the basic observation, and the positioning model is derived in details. Then, the main error sources impacting on the positioning accuracy is analyzed, and the error propagation formulas are given. At last, the simulation experiments based on the Starlink constellation are conducted, the results of which show that the average positioning accuracy of this algorithm can totally reaches 30.5 m, with 4.3 m in north direction, 6.3 m in east direction and 29.5 m in vertical direction. The algorithm not only owns the advantages of traditional celestial positioning, but also gets rid of horizontal datum, providing a new way to develop the miniaturized, fast and automated celestial navigation equipment without the need of horizontal reference.

Key words: astronomical positioning, low-orbiting satellites, inter-satellite angular separation, precision analysis

中图分类号:

P227

朱容蔚, 詹银虎, 李广云. 利用恒星与低轨卫星同时成像实现地面定位的算法[J]. 测绘学报, 2024, 53(7): 1278-1287.

Rongwei ZHU, Yinhu ZHAN, Guangyun LI. Algorithm for ground positioning by simultaneously imaging stars and low orbit satellites[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2024, 53(7): 1278-1287.

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项目	内容指标
试验平台	Legion Y7000P 2020H型笔记本电脑
测站坐标	113.092 8°E，34.534 4°N，高程460 m
观测时段	UTC 2023-04-19 20：00：00-20：50：00
仿真步长/min	1
视场角/（°）	120
极限星等	6.5
星间角距测量精度/（″）	30
大气折射改正精度（60°）/（″）	5
时间精度/ms	1
卫星轨道精度/m	10
低轨星座	Starlink
地影模型	柱形地影
恒星星表	依巴谷星表