测绘地理信息驱动低空经济：关键技术突破与产业发展

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2026.20250525

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

低空经济的运行要求机器系统对低空空域实现自主感知、规划与管控，其根本前提是物理低空环境必须被转化为机器可处理的数字形式。计算低空环境本质上是一个地理空间问题，测绘地理信息技术天然是将物理地理空间转化为数字可计算形式的核心学科，在这一过程中，测绘地理信息技术在3个维度上构成了低空经济可计算化运行不可替代的基础：定位技术的动态稳健估计能力支撑了无人机在复杂非结构化环境中的实时自主导航；GIS的几何-拓扑双重表达能力支撑了低空空域从静态数字底座向动态可规划航路网络的结构化转化；遥感技术的语义理解与信息提取能力支撑了飞行环境从几何描述向风险量化的决策级表达。本文按低空“空域认知—空域利用—飞行实现—空域管控”4个层次，系统综述了测绘地理信息技术在低空经济全链条中的支撑机制与技术边界，分析了其在上中下游产业链各阶段的分层贡献，并通过低空巡检与低空物流典型案例验证了相关技术方案的工程可行性与应用边界。本文首次从测绘地理信息学科视角提出支撑实现低空经济可计算化的4层技术框架，将“可计算化”界定为几何数字化、拓扑结构化、环境语义解译与时空动态表达4项必要条件的统一，并论证这4项条件恰好分别由测绘定位的动态稳健估计、GIS的几何-拓扑双重表达以及遥感的语义理解与信息提取能力所支撑，揭示了测绘地理信息对低空经济不可替代的支撑作用，为低空经济的理论研究与测绘学科的学科交叉发展提供系统性参考。

关键词: 低空经济, 技术创新, 低空产业, 低空巡检, 低空物流, 测绘地理信息

Abstract:

Low-altitude economic operations require machine systems to achieve autonomous perception, planning, and management of low-altitude airspace, with the fundamental prerequisite that the physical low-altitude environment must first be transformed into a machine-processable digital form. The computabilization of the low-altitude environment is essentially a geospatial problem, and geospatial surveying and mapping technology is the core discipline for transforming physical geographic space into digital computable form. In this process, geospatial surveying and mapping technology constitutes an irreplaceable foundation for the computabilization of the low-altitude economy across three dimensions: the dynamic robust estimation capability of positioning technology supports real-time autonomous navigation of UAVs in complex unstructured environments; the geometric-topological dual representation capability of GIS supports the structural transformation of low-altitude airspace from a static digital foundation to a dynamically plannable route network; and the semantic understanding and information extraction capability of remote sensing supports the decision-level transformation of the flight environment from geometric description to risk quantification. This paper systematically reviews the supporting mechanisms and technical boundaries of geospatial technologies across the full value chain of the low-altitude economy along four layers—spatial cognition, airspace utilization, flight execution, and airspace management—analyzes their stratified contributions at each stage of the upstream, midstream, and downstream industrial chain, and verifies the engineering feasibility and application boundaries of relevant technical solutions through typical cases of low-altitude inspection and logistics. This paper proposes for the first time a four-layer technical framework for achieving the computabilization of the low-altitude economy from a geospatial perspective, reveals the irreplaceable supporting role of geospatial information in the low-altitude economy, and provides a systematic reference for theoretical research on the low-altitude economy and the interdisciplinary development of the geospatial discipline.

Key words: low-altitude economy, technological innovation, low-altitude industry, low-altitude inspection, low-altitude logistics, surveying and mapping geographic information

中图分类号:

P208

郭庆华, 杨泽坤, 齐志勇, 张艺轩, 程芷信, 刘康, 程凯, 陈昂, 杨璐忆. 测绘地理信息驱动低空经济：关键技术突破与产业发展[J]. 测绘学报, 2026, 55(6): 975-989.

Qinghua GUO, Zekun YANG, Zhiyong QI, Yixuan ZHANG, Zhixin CHENG, Kang LIU, Kai CHENG, Ang CHEN, Luyi YANG. Geospatial information empowering the low-altitude economy: key technological breakthroughs and industrial development[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2026, 55(6): 975-989.

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图/表 4

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