桌面式虚拟环境与真实环境中个体特征影响空间认知能力的差异分析

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2021.20200134

测绘学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (4): 509-521.doi: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2021.20200134

桌面式虚拟环境与真实环境中个体特征影响空间认知能力的差异分析

黄丽娜^1,2,3, 张定娆^1,4, 应申^1,2, 艾廷华¹

1. 武汉大学资源与环境科学学院, 湖北武汉 430079;
2. 武汉大学地理信息系统教育部重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430079;
3. 武汉大学测绘遥感信息工程国家重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430079;
4. 广西壮族自治区地图院, 广西南宁 530023

收稿日期:2020-04-11 修回日期:2020-12-19 发布日期:2021-04-28
作者简介:黄丽娜(1982—),女,博士,副教授,研究方向为地理空间认知与智能服务,地理信息可视化,智慧城市。E-mail:linahuang@whu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划（2017YFB0503502）；测绘遥感信息工程国家重点实验室专项（420100063）

Influence of individual characteristics on spatial cognitive ability in desktop virtual environment and real scene

HUANG Lina^1,2,3, ZHANG Dingrao^1,4, YING Shen^1,2, AI Tinghua¹

1. School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Geographic Information System, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China;
3. State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China;
4. Map Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530023, China

Received:2020-04-11 Revised:2020-12-19 Published:2021-04-28
Supported by:
The National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2017YFB0503502);The Laberatory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing Special Research Funding (No. 420100063)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用虚拟地理环境模拟、表达和重构客观真实环境是当前空间认知科学领域的主要试验研究范式之一。针对人们在虚拟环境和真实环境中的认知表现是否一致的问题，本文以桌面式虚拟环境和真实环境为试验场景设计对照试验，将空间认知分为格局认知、对象认知和空间响应3个维度，通过设计认知试验，分析两种环境下参与者的空间认知差异，探究个体特征对空间认知的影响及其环境效应。研究表明：①环境类型和个体特征对空间对象认知无显著影响；②具有地理知识背景、旋转心象地图、使用协调空间参考框架人群的格局认知更详细和准确；③环境类型对路径响应无明显影响，但对转角响应影响显著。参与者在虚拟环境中可以更有效地识别正确方向，并且专业背景具有显著的主效应，MRT水平与环境类型具有显著的联合效应。本文研究结果为基于桌面式虚拟环境进行空间对象认知模拟试验的有效性提供了依据，也可用于指导根据用户特征订制个性化虚拟环境。

关键词: 虚拟环境, 真实环境, 空间认知, 个体差异, 环境效应

Abstract: Using virtual geographic environment to simulate, express and reconstruct real environment is one of the main experimental research paradigms in the domain of spatial cognitive science. To investigate whether people’s cognitive performance in virtual environment is consistent with that in real environment, this paper designs a control experiment to test the spatial cognition differences of participants in desktop virtual environment and real environment, where the spatial cognition is decomposed into three dimensions: pattern cognition, object cognition and spatial response, so that the influence of individual characteristics on spatial cognition and its environmental effects can be deduced. The results show that: ① neither environment type nor individual characteristics have significant impact on the spatial cognition; ② the participants with geographical knowledge background, rotating their mental map, and using coordinated spatial reference frame have more detailed and accurate cognition on the spatial pattern; ③ the environment type has no significant effect on the path response, but has a significant effect on the corner response. Besides, the participants can identify the correct direction more effectively in virtual environment. The positive effect of their professional knowledge is significant, and MRT level and environment type have significant joint effect. These outcomes have proved that cognitive simulation experiments can work well in a desktop virtual environment. They are also instructive to establish personalized virtual environment according to user characteristics.

Key words: virtual environment, real environment, spatial cognition, individual difference, environmental effect

中图分类号:

P208

黄丽娜, 张定娆, 应申, 艾廷华. 桌面式虚拟环境与真实环境中个体特征影响空间认知能力的差异分析[J]. 测绘学报, 2021, 50(4): 509-521.

HUANG Lina, ZHANG Dingrao, YING Shen, AI Tinghua. Influence of individual characteristics on spatial cognitive ability in desktop virtual environment and real scene[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2021, 50(4): 509-521.

参考文献

[1] 林珲, 朱庆, 陈旻. 有无相生虚实互济——虚拟地理环境研究20周年综述[J]. 测绘学报, 2018, 47(8):1027-1030. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2018.20180202. LIN Hui, ZHU Qing, CHEN Min. The being and non-being generate each other, and the virtual and the real are mutually interactive-the progress of virtual geographic environments (VGE) studies in last 20 years[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2018, 47(8):1027-1030. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2018.20180202.
[2] 贾奋励, 张威巍, 游雄. 虚拟地理环境的认知研究框架初探[J]. 遥感学报, 2015, 19(2):179-187. JIA Fenli, ZHANG Weiwei, YOU Xiong. Cognitive research framework of virtual geographic environment[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 2015, 19(2):179-187.
[3] ZHANG Fan, HU Mingyuan, CHE Weitao, et al. Framework for virtual cognitive experiment in virtual geographic environments[J]. ISPRS International Journalof Geo-Information, 2018, 7(1):36.
[4] TAN Lu, HU Mingyuan, LIN Hui. Agent-based simulation of building evacuation:combining human behavior with predictable spatial accessibility in a fire emergency[J]. Information Sciences, 2015, 295:53-66.
[5] 郭仁忠, 应申. 论ICT时代的地图学复兴[J]. 测绘学报, 2017, 46(10):1274-1283. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20170335. GUO Renzhong, YING Shen. The rejuvenation of cartography in ICT era[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2017, 46(10):1274-1283. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20170335.
[6] 张帆, 胡明远, 林珲. 大数据背景下的虚拟地理认知实验方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2018, 47(8):1043-1050. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2018.20180103. ZHANG Fan, HU Mingyuan, LIN Hui. Virtual geographic cognition experiment in big data era[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2018, 47(8):1043-1050. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2018.20180103.
[7] LIN C T, HUANG Tengyi, LIN Wenjing, et al. Gender differences in wayfinding in virtual environments with global or local landmarks[J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2012, 32(2):89-96.
[8] DUROISIN N, DEMEUSE M. Impact of the spatial structuring of virtual towns on the navigation strategies of children aged 6 to 15 years old[J]. Psychnology Journal, 2015, 13(1):75-99.
[9] TA X H, LONGIN D, GAUDOU B, et al. Modeling and simulation of the effects of social relation and emotion on decision making in emergency evacuation[J]. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2017, 8(9):371-392.
[10] FRANKE C, SCHWEIKART J. Mental representation of landmarks on maps:investigating cartographic visualization methods with eye tracking technology[J]. Spatial Cognition & Computation, 2017, 17(1-2):20-38.
[11] RICHARDSON A E, MONTELLO D R, HEGARTY M. Spatial knowledge acquisition from maps and from navigation in real and virtual environments[J]. Memory & Cognition, 1999, 27(4):741-750.
[12] ŠAŠINKA Č, STACHOŇ Z, SEDLÁK M, et al. Collaborative immersive virtual environments for education in geography[J]. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2019, 8(1):3.
[13] KIEFER P, GIANNOPOULOS I, RAUBAL M, et al. Eye tracking for spatial research:cognition, computation, challenges[J]. Spatial Cognition & Computation, 2017, 17(1-2):1-19.
[14] KOLETSIS E, VAN ELZAKKER C P J M, KRAAK M J, et al. An investigation into challenges experienced when route planning, navigating and wayfinding[J]. International Journal of Cartography, 2017, 3(1):4-18.
[15] OHM C, MVLLER M, LUDWIG B. Evaluating indoor pedestrian navigation interfaces using mobile eye tracking[J]. Spatial Cognition & Computation, 2017, 17(1-2):89-120.
[16] WANG Chengshun, CHEN Yufen, ZHENG Shulei, et al. Gender and age differences in using indoor maps for wayfinding in real environments[J]. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2019, 8(1):11.
[17] 方志祥, 罗浩, 李灵. 有限状态自动机辅助的行人导航状态匹配算法[J]. 测绘学报, 2017, 46(3):371-380. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20160530. FANG Zhixiang, LUO Hao, LI Ling. A finite state machine aided pedestrian navigation state matching algorithm[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2017, 46(3):371-380. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20160530.
[18] 周宝定, 李清泉, 毛庆洲, 等. 用户行为感知辅助的室内行人定位[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2014, 39(6):719-723. ZHOU Baoding, LI Qingquan, MAO Qingzhou, et al. User activity awareness assisted indoor pedestrian localization[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2014, 39(6):719-723.
[19] LUO B, ZHOU Q. An overview of training application of virtual reality technology[J]. Computer Simulation, 2020, 37(4):1-4.
[20] WOLBERS T, HEGARTY M. What determines our navigational abilities?[J]. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2010, 14(3):138-146.
[21] LIBEN L S, MYERS L J, CHRISTENSEN A E. Identifying locations and directions on field and representational mapping tasks:predictors of success[J]. Spatial Cognition & Computation, 2010, 10(2-3):105-134.
[22] HEGARTY M, MONTELLO D R, RICHARDSON A E, et al. Spatial abilities at different scales:individual differences in aptitude-test performance and spatial-layout learning[J]. Intelligence, 2006, 34(2):151-176.
[23] 刘儒德, 程铁刚, 牟书. 电子地图导航中用户空间定向认知过程机制的研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2007, 5(3):161-165. LIU Rude, CHENG Tiegang, MOU Shu. Cognitive process in space orientation with e-map navigation system[J]. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2007, 5(3):161-165.
[24] 周慧琳, 左国坤, 万小平, 等. 基于心理旋转的运动想象行为学实证探索[J]. 生物医学工程学杂志, 2017, 34(2):173-179. ZHOU Huilin, ZUO Guokun, WAN Xiaoping, et al. An empirical study on the behavior of motor imagery based on mental rotation[J]. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2017, 34(2):173-179.
[25] EVANS G W. Environmental cognition[J]. Psychological Bulletin, 1980, 88(2):259-287.
[26] EVANS G W. Cognición ambiental environmental cognition[J]. Studies in Psychology, 1983, 4(14-15):47-84.
[27] 李欣, 刘秀, 万欣欣. 数字孪生应用及安全发展综述[J].系统仿真学报, 2019, 31(3):385-392. LI Xin, LIU Xiu, WAN Xinxin. Overview of digital twins application and safe development[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2019, 31(3):385-392.
[28] 申申, 龚建华, 李文航, 等. 基于虚拟亲历行为的空间场所认知对比实验研究[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2018, 43(11):1732-1738. SHEN Shen, GONG Jianhua, LI Wenhang, et al. A comparative experiment on spatial cognition based on virtual travel behavior[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2018, 43(11):1732-1738.
[29] BAYDOUN R B, NEUMAN G A. The future of the general aptitude test battery (GATB) for use in public and private testing[J]. Journal of Business and Psychology, 1992, 7(1):81-91.
[30] LEI Peilan, KAO G Y M, LIN S S J, et al. Impacts of geographical knowledge, spatial ability and environmental cognition on image searches supported by GIS software[J]. Computers in Human Behavior, 2009, 25(6):1270-1279.
[31] HART R A, MOORE G T. The development of spatial cognition:a review[M]//DOWNS R M, STEA D. Image and Environment. Chicago, IL:Aldine, 1973.
[32] NORI R, MERCURI N, GIUSBERTI F, et al. Influences of gender role socialization and anxiety on spatial cognitive style[J]. The American Journal of Psychology, 2009, 122(4):497-505.
[33] COLUCCIA E, LOUSE G. Gender differences in spatial orientation:a review[J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2004, 24(3):329-340.
[34] DONG Weihua, ZHENG Liangyu, LIU Bing, et al. Using eye tracking to explore differences in map-based spatial ability between geographers and non-geographers[J]. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2019, 7(9):337.
[35] BURNETT G E. "Turn right at the King's Head":drivers' requirements for route guidance information[D]. Loughborough:Loughborough University, 1998.
[36] 董卫华, 廖华, 詹智成, 等. 2008年以来地图学眼动与视觉认知研究新进展[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(3):599-614. DONG Weihua, LIAO Hua, ZHAN Zhicheng, et al. New research progress of eye tracking-based map cognition in cartography since 2008[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(3):599-614.
[37] 朱滢. 心理实验研究基础[M]. 北京:北京大学出版社, 2006. ZHU Ying. Basis of psychological experiment research[M]. Beijing:Peking University Press, 2006.
[38] ROTH R E, ÇÖLTEKIN A, DELAZARI L, et al. User studies in cartography:opportunities for empirical research on interactive maps and visualizations[J]. International Journal of Cartography, 2017, 3(S1):61-89.

桌面式虚拟环境与真实环境中个体特征影响空间认知能力的差异分析

Influence of individual characteristics on spatial cognitive ability in desktop virtual environment and real scene

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	高俊, 曹雪峰. 空间认知推动地图学学科发展的新方向[J]. 测绘学报, 2021, 50(6): 711-725.
[2]	万刚, 武易天. 地图空间认知的数学基础[J]. 测绘学报, 2021, 50(6): 726-738.
[3]	应申, 张雯博, 苏俊如, 黄丽娜. 地球球观认知分析:以谷歌地球上的寻路任务为例[J]. 测绘学报, 2021, 50(6): 739-748.
[4]	晏雄锋, 艾廷华, 杨敏, 郑建滨. 地图空间形状认知的自编码器深度学习方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2021, 50(6): 757-765.
[5]	郑束蕾. 地理空间认知理论与地图工具的发展[J]. 测绘学报, 2021, 50(6): 766-776.
[6]	魏智威, 郭庆胜, 程璐, 刘洋, 童莹. 建筑物图形形状相似性计算的序列分析法[J]. 测绘学报, 2021, 50(12): 1683-1693.
[7]	黄谟涛, 陈欣, 邓凯亮, 欧阳永忠, 陆秀平, 吴太旗, 翟国君. 补偿海空重力测量动态效应剩余影响的通用模型[J]. 测绘学报, 2020, 49(2): 135-146.
[8]	杜萍, 刘涛, 李鼎凯, 杨晓霞. 应急场景快速制图及地图信息传输[J]. 测绘学报, 2019, 48(6): 747-755.
[9]	王圣音, 刘瑜, 陈泽东, 施力, 张晶. 大众点评数据下的城市场所范围感知方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2018, 47(8): 1105-1113.
[10]	万刚, 曹雪峰. 地理空间信息网格的历史演变与思考[J]. 测绘学报, 2016, 45(S1): 15-22.
[11]	唐炉亮, 刘章, 杨雪, 阚子涵, 李清泉, 董坤. 符合认知规律的时空轨迹融合与路网生成方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2015, 44(11): 1271-1276.
[12]	刘慧敏邓敏樊子德卢启栋. 地图上居民地空间信息的特征度量法[J]. 测绘学报, 2014, 43(10): 1092-1098.
[13]	艾廷华周梦杰陈亚婕. 专题地图属性信息的LOD表达与TreeMap可视化[J]. , 2013, 42(3): 0-0.
[14]	杨乃,孔凡秋,杨鸿海,张百灵. 基于空间认知的三维地图光影模型[J]. 测绘学报, 2012, 41(2): 302-308.
[15]	艾廷华; 帅赟; 李精忠. 基于形状相似性识别的空间查询[J]. 测绘学报, 2009, 38(4): 0-310.