智能化测绘的基本问题与发展方向

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2021.20210235

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 测绘生产与服务面临着数据获取实时化、信息处理自动化、服务应用知识化等诸多新难题。以算法、模型为核心的数字化测绘，往往无法用简洁的算法、模型，实现对纷繁多样、多维动态现实世界进行完整描述与表达，难以满足高维、非线性的空间问题求解要求。为破解这一难题，应模仿和利用人类的测绘自然智能，研发以知识为引导、算法为基础的智能化测绘技术。本文首先讨论了智能化测绘的基本概念与思路；继而分析指出了智能化测绘的三个基本问题，包括测绘自然智能的解析与建模、混合型智能计算范式的构建与实现、赋能生产的机制与路径；然后提出了今后一段时间的主要努力方向，包括构建智能化测绘的知识体系、研究技术方法、研发应用系统和仪器装备。为了切实地推动这方面的科技研发与工程应用，应该加强顶层设计，推动跨学科协同创新，促进产学研合作，营造良好发展环境。

关键词: 智能化, 数字化, 测绘, 自然智能, 混合智能计算, 知识引导

Abstract: Surveying and mapping production and services are facing many new problems such as real-time data acquisition, automation of information processing, and intellectualization of service applications. The main reason is that digital surveying and mapping involves complex algorithms and models as the core, and it is often impossible to use simple algorithms and models to completely describe and express the diverse, multi-dimensional and dynamic real world, which makes it difficult to address high-dimensional, nonlinear spatial problems. In order to address this challenge, it is necessary to explore the use of natural intelligence in surveying and mapping, and develop smart surveying and mapping technologies guided by knowledge and based on algorithms. This paper first discusses the basic concepts and ideas of smart surveying and mapping and then analyzes and points out the three basic problems of smart surveying and mapping, including the analysis and modeling of natural intelligence in surveying and mapping, the construction and realization of hybrid intelligent computing paradigm, and the mechanism and path of empowering production. The main directions for further development in the near future are then proposed, including the construction of knowledge system of smart surveying and mapping, research of technology methods, research and development of application systems and instrument equipment. In order to effectively promote scientific research and engineering applications in this area, efforts should be placed on top-level designing, promoting interdisciplinary collaborative innovation and industry-university-research cooperation, and creating good development environments.

Key words: smart, digitalization, surveying and mapping, natural intelligence, hybrid intelligent computing, knowledge-guided

中图分类号:

P208

陈军, 刘万增, 武昊, LI Songnian, 闫利. 智能化测绘的基本问题与发展方向[J]. 测绘学报, 2021, 50(8): 995-1005.

CHEN Jun, LIU Wanzeng, WU Hao, LI Songnian, YAN Li. Smart surveying and mapping: fundamental issues and research agenda[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2021, 50(8): 995-1005.

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