知识引导的森林火灾逃生路网动态生成方法

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2024.20230234

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

规划合理的森林火灾逃生路网对应急逃生决策具有重要作用，但现有方法动态适应性弱，且未考虑山沟地带、狭窄山脊等影响人员逃生安全的关键空间信息，导致逃生路网规划准确性差。因此，本文引入智能化测绘技术方法，提出一种知识引导的森林火灾逃生路网动态生成方法，通过突破森林火灾逃生路网规划知识图谱构建、关键空间区域提取等关键技术，建立森林火灾逃生路网通行栅格网络模型，实现改进A^*算法的逃生路网动态优化生成，研发原型系统并开展试验分析。结果表明，本文方法能够实现林火蔓延环境下逃生路网的动态生成，可为扑救人员提供有效的逃生决策信息；逃生规划准确率与已有静态森林火灾逃生路网规划方法的逃生规划准确率相比，高安全区重叠率提升了3.06%，逃生路网危险区重叠率降低了27.39%。

关键词: 森林火灾, 知识引导, 关键空间信息, 逃生路网, 动态优化

Abstract:

A reasonably planned forest fire escape road network plays an important role in emergency escape decision-making, but the existing methods have weak dynamic adaptability and do not consider the key spatial information affecting people's escape safety such as ravine areas and narrow ridges, resulting in poor accuracy of escape road network planning. Therefore, this paper introduces intelligent mapping technology methods and proposes a knowledge-guided dynamic generation method of forest fire escape road network, by breaking through the key technologies of forest fire escape road network planning knowledge map construction, key spatial region extraction, et al. Then, it establishes a forest fire escape road network access raster network model, realizes the dynamic optimization generation of escape road network with the improvement of the A^* algorithm, develops a prototype system and carries out experimental analysis. The results show that the method in this paper can realize the dynamic generation of escape road network under the environment of forest fire spreading, which can provide effective escape decision-making information for the fire fighters. Compared with the existing static forest fire escape road network planning methods, the accuracy of escape planning improves the overlap rate of the high safety zone by 3.06%, and the overlap rate of the hazardous zone of the escape network reduces by 27.39%.

Key words: forest fire, knowledge-guided, key spatial information, escape route network, dynamic optimization

中图分类号:

P208

朱军, 陈佩菁, 曾超, 郑全红, 谢亚坤, 游继钢, 廉慧洁. 知识引导的森林火灾逃生路网动态生成方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2024, 53(6): 1086-1097.

Jun ZHU, Peijing CHEN, Chao ZENG, Quanhong ZHENG, Yakun XIE, Jigang YOU, Huijie LIAN. Knowledge-guided dynamic generation of escape route networks for forest fires[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2024, 53(6): 1086-1097.

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软件设备	环境配置	详细信息
硬件	CPU	Intel Core i5-11300H@3.10 GHz
	内存/GB	16
	显卡	GeoForce MX450
	显存/MB	2000
软件	系统	Windows10
软件	软件	Visual Studio，ArcGIS

关键空间区域	类别	等级	安全代价
邻河村沿河区域	安全目的地	高	0
植被稀疏平地		中等	0
农田	高安全区域	中等	0
河流		高	0
道路		高	0
狭窄山脊	山脊地带	较低	0.33
山间鞍部	山脊地带	较低	0.33
支沟地带	山谷地带	中等	0.5
山峪沟堵	山谷地带	中等	0.5
三面环山		中等	0.5
草塘沟	草塘沟	高	1

通行栅格	坡度/（°）	植被覆盖度	安全等级
A₄₀B₇₅	0~40	0~0.75	最高
A₄₅B₈₀	0~45	0~0.8	较高
A₅₀B₈₀	0~50	0~0.8	较高
A₅₅B₈₅	0~55	0.85	中等
A₆₀B₉₀	0~60	0~0.9	中等
A₆₅B₉₅	0~65	0.95	中等
A₇₀B₁₀₀	0~70	0~1	较低
A₈₀B₁₀₀	0~80	0~1	较低

逃生路网	路径	逃生时间/min	模拟蔓延间/min	空间距离/km	通行栅格
NR₁	P₁	110	110	14.9	A₄₀B₇₅
	P₂	102	102	14.6	A₄₅B₈₀
	P₃	95	95	11.5	A₅₀B₈₀
	P₄	88	88	10.7	A₅₅B₈₅
	P₅	70	70	8.3	A₆₀B₉₀
	P₆	68	68	7.9	A₆₅B₉₅
	P₇	60	60	6.2	A₇₀B₁₀₀
	P₈	58	58	5.2	A₈₀B₁₀₀

方法	逃生路网	路径	逃生时间/min	空间距离/km	平均植被覆盖度	通行栅格
本文方法	NR₂	P₉	120	15.4	0.638	A₄₀B₇₅
		P₁₀	105	14.8	0.672	A₄₅B₈₀
		P₁₁	100	12.5	0.710	A₅₀B₈₀
		P₁₂	92	11.3	0.720	A₅₅B₈₅
		P₁₃	78	8.9	0.624	A₆₀B₉₀
		P₁₄	78	8.7	0.631	A₆₅B₉₅
		P₁₅	58	6.7	0.700	A₇₀B₁₀₀
		P₁₆	55	5.6	0.686	A₈₀B₁₀₀
传统A^*算法	NR₃	P₁₇	120	15.3	0.638	A₄₀B₇₅
		P₁₈	106	15.1	0.672	A₄₅B₈₀
		P₁₉	105	13.1	0.714	A₅₀B₈₀
		P₂₀	87	12.1	0.720	A₅₅B₈₅
		P₂₁	70	8.1	0.624	A₆₀B₉₀
		P₂₂	71	7.9	0.631	A₆₅B₉₅
		P₂₃	59	6.7	0.700	A₇₀B₁₀₀
		P₂₄	57	5.6	0.686	A₈₀B₁₀₀
文献[24]	NR₄	P₂₅	130	15.7	0.651	A₄₀B₇₅
		P₂₆	133	15.8	0.682	A₄₅B₈₀
		P₂₇	110	13.8	0.713	A₅₀B₈₀
		P₂₈	95	12.7	0.720	A₅₅B₈₅
		P₂₉	78	9.1	0.632	A₆₀B₉₀
		P₃₀	74	8.3	0.635	A₆₅B₉₅
		P₃₁	60	6.7	0.712	A₇₀B₁₀₀
		P₃₂	59	6.0	0.710	A₈₀B₁₀₀