附加恒星视运动修正的白昼星图星点提取方法

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2024.20230521

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

白昼星图具有高背景噪声、低信噪比等特征，传统方法很难高效提取星点，且由于星点为弱小目标，对噪声极为敏感，成像随机不规则，单帧提取星点质心稳健性较差。为此，本文提出一种附加恒星视运动修正的星点提取方法，该方法首先根据测站、星历、观测时间预测恒星概略位置，通过相机参数转换模型得出星点在像平面坐标系中的概略位置；然后，利用各帧星图拍摄时刻精确计算出星点相对运动量，将各帧星图星点预测区域进行配准叠加；最后，在星点预测位置区域对星点进行精确提取。试验表明：该方法星点提取成功率可达100%，较传统算法提升163%以上，且算法执行效率高，耗时缩短至传统方法的23%；除此之外，多帧叠加增强了星图信噪比，克服了星点成像随机误差，星点质心提取精度较单帧星图提取方法提升72%以上。

关键词: 白昼星图, 视运动, 星点提取, 质心精度, 天文大地测量, 多帧叠加

Abstract:

The daytime star map is characterized by high background noise and low signal-to-noise ratio, which lowers the efficiency of traditional star extraction methods. Moreover, robustness of single frame extraction methods is poor due to the negative factors of daytime star map, including star energy weakness, noise sensitivity and star contour irregularity. Therefore, a star extraction method with modification of apparent motion is proposed for daytime infrared star map processing. With application of camera parameter conversion model, image coordinates of the target star were predicted using the data of station position, observation time and ephemeris. Further, relative displacements of the star in image sequence were precisely calculated using the exposure intervals, which led to precise register of the image superposition on star area, and finally resulted to accurate star extraction. Experimental results show that the success rate of star extraction with the proposed method can reach 100%, which is 163% higher than that of traditional algorithms. Meanwhile, the time consumption was reduced to 23%. Signal-to-noise ratio was also enhanced since the influence of random error was greatly reduced, and the centroid extraction accuracy was improved by 72% compared to single frame methods.

Key words: daytime star map, eastern elongation, star extraction, centroid accuracy, astro-geodetic surveying, multiframe overlay

中图分类号:

P222

勾万祥, 李崇辉, 佟帅, 郑勇, 杨原, 陈智兴, 詹银虎. 附加恒星视运动修正的白昼星图星点提取方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2024, 53(11): 2166-2177.

Wanxiang GOU, Chonghui LI, Shuai TONG, Yong ZHENG, Yuan YANG, Zhixing CHEN, Yinhu ZHAN. A method for star extraction from daytime star maps with additional correction of eastern elongation[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2024, 53(11): 2166-2177.

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系统参数	参数值
视场角大小	1°20′
通光口径/mm	40
光学透过率/（%）	56
等效焦距/mm	240
工作波段/nm	1500~1700
传感器型号	QHY990
量子响应效率/（%）	77
像元尺寸/μm	5.0
像元总数	1392×1052
暗电流/（像素/s）	≤227e-

采用方法	恒星编号	X坐标均值/像素	Y坐标均值/像素	均方差/像素	所用时间/ms	提取成功帧数	成功率/（%）
	HIP84345	83.04	141.40	0.57	2859	38	38
传统方法	HIP 80704	308.45	254.51	0.63	3043	7	14
	HIP 54061	—		—	2810	0	0
	HIP84345	82.55	141.32	0.43	438	100	100
位置预测法	HIP 80704	307.71	254.35	0.46	442	100	100
	HIP 54061	172.28	253.28	0.54	441	87	87
	HIP84345	82.57	141.14	0.12	656	100	100
本文方法	HIP 80704	307.58	254.26	0.11	681	100	100
	HIP 54061	172.41	253.22	0.15	652	100	100