InSAR三维同震地表形变监测——窗口优化的SM-VCE算法

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2021.20200610

测绘学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (9): 1222-1239.doi: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2021.20200610

InSAR三维同震地表形变监测——窗口优化的SM-VCE算法

刘计洪, 胡俊, 李志伟, 朱建军

中南大学地球科学与信息物理学院, 湖南长沙 410083

收稿日期:2020-12-22 修回日期:2021-06-07 发布日期:2021-10-09
通讯作者: 胡俊 E-mail:csuhujun@csu.edu.cn
作者简介:刘计洪(1996-),男,博士生,研究方向为InSAR数据处理与三维地表形变监测。E-mail:liujihong@csu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（42030112）；国家重点研发计划（2018YFC1505103）；湖南省自然科学基金（2020JJ2043）；湖南创新型省份建设专项经费（2019GK5006）；湖南省研究生科研创新项目（CX20190067）；中南大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（2018zzts684；2019zzts011）

Estimation of 3D coseismic deformation with InSAR: an improved SM-VCE method by window optimization

LIU Jihong, HU Jun, LI Zhiwei, ZHU Jianjun

School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China

Received:2020-12-22 Revised:2021-06-07 Published:2021-10-09
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42030112); The National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2018YFC1505103); The Hunan Natural Science Foundation (No. 2020JJ2043); The Special Funds for the Construction of Hunan Innovative Province (No. 2019GK5006); The Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation For Postgraduate (No. CX20190067); The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University (Nos. 2018zzts684; 2019zzts011)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 三维同震地表形变场对于地震形变特征解译和断层滑动分布反演具有重要意义。本文基于地表应力应变模型（SM）和方差分量估计（VCE）的InSAR三维地表形变监测方法（SM-VCE），通过顾及一定窗口范围内不同像素点三维形变之间的力学关系（SM）建立函数模型，显著增加了多余观测个数，进而可利用VCE实现不同类InSAR观测值之间的精确定权。相比于传统的单点解算方法，基于窗口的SM-VCE方法可显著提高三维地表形变的估计精度。在原始SM-VCE方法中，求解不同目标点的三维形变时，窗口大小是固定不变的，并且窗口内的InSAR观测值被认为是等精度的。对于同震形变场而言，InSAR技术在地震破裂带附近往往难以获得有效的形变监测结果，使得固定窗口大小的SM-VCE方法无法获取完整的三维同震地表形变。即使在断层附近有InSAR观测值的情况下，窗口内往往会包含断层两侧的异质InSAR观测值，使得原始SM-VCE方法难以得到可靠的近场三维形变。同时，InSAR观测值极易受到失相干等噪声影响，窗口内不同像素点的形变测量值精度往往各不相同，因此，忽略窗口内InSAR观测值精度差异的做法将会降低三维地表形变精度。鉴于此，本文在SM-VCE方法的框架下，提出一种顾及断裂线及自适应变化搜索窗口的观测值选取策略，进而基于邻近的InSAR有效观测值重建地震破裂带附近的三维地表形变场；引入迭代加权最小二乘方法实现窗口内同一类InSAR观测值内部的自适应定权，有效降低了误差较大的观测值对三维地表形变精度的影响。模拟试验和基于升降轨哨兵数据的2019年Ridgecrest地震研究表明，相对于原始SM-VCE方法，本文提出的窗口优化SM-VCE方法获取的三维同震地表形变场更加精确、完整。

关键词: 干涉合成孔径雷达, 三维地表形变, SM-VCE, 窗口优化, 迭代加权最小二乘方法

Abstract: The 3D coseismic deformations derived from the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique is of great significance for interpreting the characteristic of coseismic movement and inversing the fault slip. Recently, a method for estimating 3D surface deformations with InSAR based on the strain model and variance component estimation (SM, VCE, SM-VCE) is proposed, in which a lot of observation functions are established within a fixed-size window based on the SM, making it possible that the VCE is used to determine the weighting factor of different kinds of InSAR measurements. Compared with the pixel-by-pixel weighted least squares method, this window-based SM-VCE method can obtain a more reliable 3D deformation field. In the original SM-VCE method, the window size is designed to be constant for all points and the observations within the window are considered to be equal-accuracy. These rules are simple, but is easy to be violated for estimating the 3D coseismic deformation. Particularly, the case is easy to occur that the InSAR technique cannot obtain valid measurements in the near fault region, resulting in fact that the original SM-VCE method with a fixed-size window would fail to derive the near-field 3D coseismic deformation. Even if the near-field observations are available, the window-based SM-VCE method cannot estimate accurate 3D deformation due to the incorporation of inhomogeneous points across the fault. Besides, the accuracy of InSAR measurements within the window is generally various due to the decorrelation noise, which is not considered in the original SM-VCE method. In this paper, the surrounding points are selected based on a window with adaptive size as well as the fault lines so that the 3D deformation in the near fault zone can be obtained. Furthermore, an iterative weighted least squares method is employed to determine the relative weight of InSAR measurements within the window before the implementation of VCE. Simulation and real experiments of the 2019 Mw7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake are conducted with the Sentinel-1 data, demonstrating that the improved SM-VCE method by window optimization in this paper can obtain a more accurate and complete 3D deformation field compared with the original SM-VCE method.

Key words: InSAR, 3D deformation, SM-VCE, window optimization, IWLS

中图分类号:

P227

刘计洪, 胡俊, 李志伟, 朱建军. InSAR三维同震地表形变监测——窗口优化的SM-VCE算法[J]. 测绘学报, 2021, 50(9): 1222-1239.

LIU Jihong, HU Jun, LI Zhiwei, ZHU Jianjun. Estimation of 3D coseismic deformation with InSAR: an improved SM-VCE method by window optimization[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2021, 50(9): 1222-1239.

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InSAR三维同震地表形变监测——窗口优化的SM-VCE算法

Estimation of 3D coseismic deformation with InSAR: an improved SM-VCE method by window optimization

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