国家重点沉降区域多监测手段综合分析

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2025.20230141

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

华北平原多年累积的地面沉降已成为日益严重的地质环境问题。本文基于华北平原InSAR垂直形变场监测成果，结合研究区内CORS站、大地控制点等地表垂向变化信息提取成果，融合多源数据构建华北平原统一基准的垂直形变场，并采用水准点高程变化数据进行对比验证。针对地面沉降引起的国家高程基准现势性差和准确度不高的问题，本文对重点沉降区国家高程基准点的变化特征和影响程度进行了分析，通过确定高程基准点区域性复测的方法，提出国家高程基准点区域性复测的建设方案，以实现国家高程基准的更新与维持。国家高程基准点区域性复测，既可以节省国家高程基准控制网整网复测的资金投入，避免重复性建设的成本，又可以满足国家重大战略工程的建设需求。

关键词: 国家高程基准点, 区域性复测, InSAR监测, 垂直形变场, 多源数据融合

Abstract:

The land subsidence accumulated over years in the North China Plain has become an increasingly serious geological environment problem. Based on the monitoring results of InSAR vertical deformation field, multi-source data was fused to build a unified datum vertical deformation field from the information extraction results of surface vertical changes of continuously operation reference stations (CORS) and geodetic control points in the North China Plain, and the elevation change data of leveling points were used for comparative verification. In response to the issues of poor current status and low accuracy of national elevation datum caused by land subsidence, the characteristics and impact of changes in national elevation datum point was analyzed in main subsidence areas. Furthermore, a regional remeasurement scheme was developed to achieve dynamic updates and maintenance of the national elevation datum in a regional way. The regional remeasurement of the national elevation datum point can not only save the investment in remeasurement the entire control network of the national elevation datum, avoid the cost of repetitive construction, but also meet the construction needs of major national strategic projects.

Key words: national elevation datum point, regional remeasurement, InSAR monitoring, vertical deformation field, multi-source data fusion

中图分类号:

P224

杜钊锋, 李国鹏, 刘站科, 尚夏明, 康胜军, 王晓强. 国家重点沉降区域多监测手段综合分析[J]. 测绘学报, 2025, 54(3): 481-492.

Zhaofeng DU, Guopeng LI, Zhanke LIU, Xiaming SHANG, Shengjun KANG, Xiaoqiang WANG. Comprehensive analysis of multiple monitoring methods in main subsidence areas[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2025, 54(3): 481-492.

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数据类型	时间段	相对精度	数据特点	作用
InSAR	2015—2020年	5~10 mm	基本面状覆盖，高空间分辨率	数据融合
CORS站	1999—2019年	1~2 mm	稀疏点位，高时间分辨率	数据融合
大地控制点	2010—2020年	2~5 mm	较均匀分布，相对统一的数据处理策略	数据融合
水准点	2012、2013、2021年	一等偶然中误差0.45 mm	一等水准点是国家高程基准的重要组成	对比验证

条带号	期数	起始时间	每期数据时间间隔/d	结束时间
40	145	2015-06-17	12	2020-12-23
142	140	2015-07-30	12	2020-12-30
69	135	2015-07-01	12	2020-12-25

序号	路线名	起点	止点	路线长度/km	重复观测点数	观测时间
1	Ⅰ邯兖线	Ⅰ邯兖17-1基	Ⅰ邯兖26	58.7	11	2013年/2021年
2	Ⅰ石济线	1164景县	Ⅰ石济56基	32.0	7	2013年/2021年
3	Ⅰ石济线	1158榆科	Ⅰ石济49基	42.7	8	2013年/2021年
4	Ⅰ京津线	Ⅰ京津40基	李七庄基岩点	36.4	7	2012年/2021年

沉降速率区间范围/（mm/a）	水准点个数	所占百分比/（%）
<-80	15	1.50
[-80，-70）	10	1.00
[-70，-60）	18	1.80
[-60，-50）	21	2.10
[-50，-40）	13	1.30
[-40，-30）	21	2.10
[-30，-20）	45	4.60
[-20，-10）	138	14.00
[-10，0]	403	40.90
>0	301	30.60

序号	路线名	路线长度/km	最大沉降速率/（mm/a）	最大沉降梯度/（mm/km）	沉降速率大于20 mm/a的区段长度/km	沉降梯度大于10 mm/km的区段长度/km
1	Ⅰ京津线	150	78.8	73.4	58.2	125.2
2	Ⅰ京石线	305	63.5	83.5	16.3	46.6
3	Ⅰ宣京线	187	33.3	41.0	7.8	25.3
4	Ⅰ京凌线	117	54.4	86.7	13.0	31.6
5	Ⅰ绥津线	250	28.7	149.6	7.2	78.2
6	Ⅰ津寿线	335	55.6	81.6	58.2	94.2
7	Ⅰ榆石线	185	20.7	68.4	0.1	15.6
8	Ⅰ石邯线	172	39.6	138.3	0.6	37.2
9	Ⅰ石济线	362	102.0	172.8	205.2	144.7
10	Ⅰ济寿线	98	3.1	41.5	0.0	9.4
11	Ⅰ济兖线	71	4.7	30.4	0.0	6.8
12	Ⅰ曲邯线	182	10.2	41.9	0.0	19.9
13	Ⅰ邯郑线	257	20.6	73.7	0.5	39.5
14	Ⅰ邯兖线	250	116.5	162.3	113.6	116.2
合计		2921			480.7	790.4