泛地图符号系统的概念框架及建构机制

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2026.20260166

测绘学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (9): 1653-1665.doi: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2026.20260166

泛地图符号系统的概念框架及建构机制

赵志刚¹^,²(), 江思瑶¹, 陈业滨¹^,²(), 陈永丽¹, 郭仁忠¹^,²

^1.深圳大学建筑与城市规划学院亚热带建筑与城市科学全国重点实验室，深圳　518060
^2.粤港澳智慧城市联合实验室，深圳　518060

收稿日期:2026-05-07 修回日期:2026-08-10 出版日期:2026-10-28 发布日期:2026-10-28
通讯作者: 陈业滨 E-mail:zhaozgrisc@szu.edu.cn;chenyebin@szu.edu.cn
作者简介:赵志刚（1984—），男，博士，副教授，研究方向为泛地图、三维地籍。　E-mail：zhaozgrisc@szu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42301502);广东省科协青年科技人才培育计划(SKXRC2026161);深圳大学青年教师科研启动项目(868-000001033330)

Conceptual framework and construction mechanism of the pan-map symbol system

Zhigang Zhao¹^,²(), Siyao Jiang¹, Yebin Chen¹^,²(), Yongli Chen¹, Renzhong Guo¹^,²

^1.State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
^2.Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Smart Cities, Shenzhen 518060, China

Received:2026-05-07 Revised:2026-08-10 Online:2026-10-28 Published:2026-10-28
Contact: Yebin Chen E-mail:zhaozgrisc@szu.edu.cn;chenyebin@szu.edu.cn
About author:Zhao Zhigang (1984—), male, PhD, associate professor, majors in pan-map and 3D cadastre. E-mail: zhaozgrisc@szu.edu.cn
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(42301502);Guangdong Association for Science and Technology (GAST) Young Science and Technology Talent Development Program(SKXRC2026161);Research Startup Project for Young Faculty at Shenzhen University(868-000001033330)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着人工智能、大数据、数字孪生与AR/VR等新一代信息与通信技术的快速发展，地图呈现出显著的泛化趋势，涌现出了大量区别于传统地图的泛地图形式。泛地图表达的空间从自然、人文二元空间拓展至涵盖自然、人文与信息的三元空间。针对三元空间下，传统二维静态地图符号体系难以适配泛地图多维度、多模态、多场景表达需求的难题，本文结合地图语言学及泛地图可视化维度理论，构建了面向三元空间对象的泛地图符号体系，并系统阐释其内在表达机制。首先，本文融合索绪尔二元符号论与皮尔斯三元符号论，明确了泛地图符号作为“意义”建构与信息传递载体的本质。然后，拓展了图像、图形、文字符号的内涵，揭示了泛地图符号由精确几何向写实（具象）与写意（抽象）连续性过渡的规律，构建了图像符号由“二维图像”向“三维真实感”、图形符号由“地理几何”向“概念化表达”渐变的连续谱系。最后，剖析了泛地图符号语义、语构、语用三者的运作逻辑：语义层展现出相似、指示与象征三位一体的意指关系与修辞启发性；语构层以可视化维度为底层语法单元，确立了“基础语素-符号单词-符号句子”的层级规则，并提炼出涵盖视觉强化、语义转换、时空叙事等视觉修辞规则；语用层则归纳了几何规约、场景写实、认知强化与互文隐喻4类核心模式，驱动多场景下符号的空间意义建构。本文揭示了信息时代下泛地图符号的可视化逻辑，期待为泛地图学理论体系的拓展提供理论支撑。

关键词: 泛地图, 三元空间, 符号体系, 可视化维度, 地图语言学

Abstract:

With the rapid development of new-generation information and communication technologies, such as artificial intelligence, big data, digital twins, and AR/VR, maps has exhibited a significant trend toward diversification, giving rise to a large number of pan-map forms that are distinct from traditional maps. The representational space of pan-maps has expanded from the “physical-social cultural” dual space to a ternary space encompassing the physical, social cultural, and information domains. To address the challenge that traditional two-dimensional static map symbol systems are inadequate for the multi-dimensional, multi-modal, and multi-scenario expressive needs of pan-maps in the ternary space, this study draws upon cartographic linguistics and the theory of visualization dimensions for pan-maps to construct a pan-map symbol system oriented toward objects in ternary space, and systematically elucidates its underlying expressive mechanisms. By integrating Saussure's dyadic semiotics and Peirce's triadic semiotics, we first clarify the essence of pan-map symbols as carriers of meaning construction and information transmission. We then extend the connotations of image, graphic, and textual symbols, revealing the continuous transition of pan-map symbols from precise geometry to realistic (concrete) and freehand (abstract) expression, and construct a continuous spectrum in which image symbols shift from “two-dimensional images” to “three-dimensional realistic representations”, while graphic symbols transition from “geographic geometry” to “conceptualized expression”. Finally, we systematically analyze the operational logic of the semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic dimensions of pan-map symbols. At the semantic level, they exhibit a tripartite signifying relationship of iconicity, indexicality, and symbolism, along with rhetorical heuristicness. At the syntactic level, visualization dimensions serve as the underlying grammatical units, establishing a hierarchical reconstruction rule of “basic morpheme—symbol word—symbol sentence” and distilling visual rhetorical rules encompassing visual enhancement, semantic transformation, and spatiotemporal narration. At the pragmatic level, we summarize four core modes—geometric convention, scene realism, cognitive reinforcement, and intertextual metaphor—that drive the spatial meaning construction of symbols across diverse scenarios. This study reveals the visualization logic of pan-maps in the information age and is expected to provide theoretical support for the expansion of the theoretical framework of pan-cartography.

Key words: pan-map, ternary space, symbol system, visualization dimension, cartographic linguistics

中图分类号:

P208

赵志刚, 江思瑶, 陈业滨, 陈永丽, 郭仁忠. 泛地图符号系统的概念框架及建构机制[J]. 测绘学报, 2026, 55(9): 1653-1665.

Zhigang Zhao, Siyao Jiang, Yebin Chen, Yongli Chen, Renzhong Guo. Conceptual framework and construction mechanism of the pan-map symbol system[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2026, 55(9): 1653-1665.

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链接本文: http://xb.chinasmp.com/CN/10.11947/j.AGCS.2026.20260166

http://xb.chinasmp.com/CN/Y2026/V55/I9/1653

图/表 7

图1

图2

图3

表1

泛地图符号视觉修辞类别"

修辞类别	典型手法	语构作用	符号句子效果
基础语构	陈述	遵循精确的欧氏几何逻辑，保持符号与空间对象在位置、几何形态上的一致性	构建客观、写实的空间认知，作为其他修辞的基准
基础语构	修饰	在主体符号上叠加文字/图标，形成“主符号-附属符号”的组合结构	补充说明主体对象的属性（如名称、数值），增加信息层次
视觉强化	规则化	对几何逻辑与空间结构进行秩序化重构（折弯取直、格网化），过滤琐碎细节	统一视觉秩序，突出表达空间关系或对象间的定性/定量差异
视觉强化	夸张化	对空间对象的尺寸、形状或距离进行非线性缩放（变形或降维），放大符号几何或关系差异	强化关键对象的视觉冲击力，突出关键对象在重要性、数量或关系上的视觉显著性
语义转换	标签化	采用文本标签代替图形符号表征空间对象	以文本形式直观展示对象语义
语义转换	隐喻化	基于非地理空间数据，通过颜色、纹理或其他仿生地图图示映射	将无形、多维的信息转化为直观的空间符号，辅助理解复杂现象
时空叙事	动态化	通过符号的位置移动、形状变化或颜色流转，表现对象的时间变化	表达空间对象的时空变化趋势与过程
	并列/对比	在相同空间参照与结构下，组织多组符号进行不同时间或空间维度对照	呈现变化前后或多方案差异，用于平行比较
	时间顺序	将复杂过程拆解为若干连续阶段，以编号、时间轴、步骤节点或路径分段等方式组织符号次序	展示事件发展的阶段性特征与先后顺序，增强用户理解对象变化的时间过程逻辑与演变规律
	空间递进	多尺度表达，随比例尺推进符号呈现多层级过渡	顺应“由远及近”的浏览习惯，实现从宏观概览到局部细节的平滑过渡
	因果关联	通过箭头、渐变色带或符号连接线，表现对象/事件间的因果传导关系	揭示现象背后的驱动机制、影响链条与连锁反应，增强解释力

表1

图4

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泛地图符号系统的概念框架及建构机制

Conceptual framework and construction mechanism of the pan-map symbol system

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