基于ICESat-2卫星高度计数据的潮间带地形光子提取方法

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2026.20250419

测绘学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (4): 658-672.doi: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2026.20250419

• 海岸带与海洋测绘遥感 • 上一篇

基于ICESat-2卫星高度计数据的潮间带地形光子提取方法

徐豪¹(), 徐南²^,³^,⁴^,⁵(), 辛会超¹, 马跃⁶, 涂伟²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, 李清泉²^,³^,⁴^,⁵

^1.河海大学地球科学与工程学院，江苏　南京　211100
^2.深圳大学建筑与城市规划学院，广东　深圳　518060
^3.深圳大学自然资源部大湾区地理环境监测重点实验室，广东　深圳　518060
^4.深圳大学广东省城市空间信息工程重点实验室，广东　深圳　518060
^5.深圳大学深圳市空间信息智能感知与服务重点实验室，广东　深圳　518060
^6.武汉大学电子信息学院，湖北　武汉　430072

收稿日期:2025-10-10 修回日期:2026-02-06 发布日期:2026-05-11
通讯作者: 徐南 E-mail:231309020016@hhu.edu.cn;xunan2025@szu.edu.cn
作者简介:徐豪（2000—），男，硕士生，研究方向为海岸带地形遥感监测。　E-mail：231309020016@hhu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42571378; 42101343);自然资源部国土卫星遥感应用重点实验室开放基金(KLSMNR-K202309);国家重点研发计划(2024YFF0617900);教育部学科突破先导项目;深圳市重大科技专项(KCXFZ20240903093000002);深圳大学青年教师科研启动项目(868-000001033431);广东省教育厅创新团队项目(2024KCXTD013);深圳市重点实验室资助项目(SYSPG20241211173845013)

A topographic photon extraction method for intertidal zones using ICESat-2 satellite altimeter data

Hao XU¹(), Nan XU²^,³^,⁴^,⁵(), Huichao XIN¹, Yue MA⁶, Wei TU²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, Qingquan LI²^,³^,⁴^,⁵

^1.School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
^2.School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
^3.Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area, MNR, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
^4.Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
^5.Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Information Smart Sensing and Services, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
^6.School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China

Received:2025-10-10 Revised:2026-02-06 Published:2026-05-11
Contact: Nan XU E-mail:231309020016@hhu.edu.cn;xunan2025@szu.edu.cn
About author:XU Hao (2000—), male, postgraduate, majors in remote sensing monitoring of coastal topography. E-mail: 231309020016@hhu.edu.cn
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(42571378; 42101343);The Key Laboratory of Land Satellite Remote Sensing Application, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China(KLSMNR-K202309);The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFF0617900);The Disciplines Breakthrough Project in Aerospace Information and Spatiotemporal Intelligence, MOE, China;The Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(KCXFZ20240903093000002);Scientific Foundation for Youth Scholars of Shenzhen University(868-000001033431);The Innovation Team of the Department of Education of Guangdong Province(2024KCXTD013);Shenzhen Key Laboratory Program(SYSPG20241211173845013)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对传统潮间带地形提取方法中存在的覆盖范围有限、成本较高以及在复杂环境下精度难以保持等问题，本文提出了一种基于ICESat-2卫星高度计数据的潮间带地形光子提取方法。以典型潮滩和沙滩为例，基于ICESat-2搭载的光子计数激光雷达数据，结合开源街道地图沙滩掩膜与GWL_FCS30潮滩掩膜构建空间先验约束，实现光子置信度筛选与类型分区。针对不同地貌类型的特征差异，本文设计了分场景的分类策略：在潮滩区域，结合海水光子剔除、骨架种子提取与稳健异常点去除，并引入自适应方向的基于密度的空间聚类算法，以顺应缓坡地形及潮沟的各向异性特征；在沙滩区域，采用基于可达距离序列的有序点识别聚类结构，并利用Otsu自适应阈值确定聚类尺度，以适应密度波动剧烈的沙滩光子分布。结果表明，该方法在多类复杂潮间带场景下均能够保持较高的提取精度与稳定性，总体验证集的精确率为0.99，召回率为0.91，F₁值为0.95，Kappa系数为0.90。进一步的地形一致性分析显示，在总体样本尺度上，提取结果与真值之间的平均高程相对误差约为15.7%，平均高差相对误差约为24.6%，平均坡度相对误差约为22.3%，证明了本文方法在潮间带地形光子提取中的有效性与稳健性。该研究为ICESat-2数据在大范围、高精度的潮间带地形监测中的应用提供了可行方案，并为海岸带资源管理、侵蚀与淤积评估以及滨海湿地生态研究提供重要参考依据。

关键词: ICESat-2, 地形, 卫星高度计, 海岸带, 潮间带, 海平面

Abstract:

To overcome the limitations of traditional intertidal topographic extraction methods, including limited spatial coverage, high costs, and difficulty in maintaining accuracy under complex environments, this study proposes a topographic photon extraction method for intertidal zones using ICESat-2 satellite altimeter data. Focusing on typical tidal flats and sandy beaches, photon-counting LiDAR data acquired by the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) are used, together with OpenStreetMap (OSM) sandy beach masks and the GWL_FCS30 tidal flat mask, to construct spatial prior constraints for photon confidence screening and type-based zoning. Addressing the characteristic differences between different geomorphic types, scenario-specific extraction strategies are designed. In tidal flat areas, seawater photon removal, skeleton seed extraction, and robust outlier elimination are integrated, and an elliptically shaped density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) clustering with adaptive orientation is introduced to accommodate the anisotropic features of gentle slopes and tidal creeks. In sandy beach areas, the ordering points to identify the clustering structure (OPTICS) algorithm based on reachability distance sequences is adopted, and the clustering scale is determined using an Otsu adaptive threshold to adapt to the strongly fluctuating photon density distribution. The results show that the proposed method maintains high extraction accuracy across multiple complex intertidal environments. On the overall validation dataset, the method achieves a Precision of 0.99, a Recall of 0.91, anF₁-score of 0.95, and a Kappa coefficient of 0.90. Further topographic consistency analysis indicates that, at the overall scale, the extracted results differ from reference data by approximately 0.01 m in mean elevation, 0.83 m in elevation range, and 0.46° in slope, demonstrating that the extracted photons can effectively represent intertidal topographic characteristics. This study provides a feasible approach for the application of ICESat-2 data in large-scale, high-precision intertidal topographic monitoring and supports coastal zone management, erosion and accretion assessment, and coastal wetland studies.

Key words: ICESat-2, topography, satellite altimetry, coastal zone, intertidal zone, sea level

中图分类号:

P237

徐豪, 徐南, 辛会超, 马跃, 涂伟, 李清泉. 基于ICESat-2卫星高度计数据的潮间带地形光子提取方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2026, 55(4): 658-672.

Hao XU, Nan XU, Huichao XIN, Yue MA, Wei TU, Qingquan LI. A topographic photon extraction method for intertidal zones using ICESat-2 satellite altimeter data[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2026, 55(4): 658-672.

图/表 11

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日期	区域	轨道	剖面类型	平均高程/m		平均高差/m		坡度/（°）
日期	区域	轨道	剖面类型	真值	提取	真值	提取	真值	提取
2024-01-24	辽宁	gt3l	潮滩	2.096	2.167	2.115	1.527	0.035	0.063
2024-02-03	辽宁	gt1l	潮滩	－0.091	0.033	3.056	2.479	0.001	0.001
2024-02-05	辽宁	gt1l	潮滩	0.321	0.344	2.715	2.525	0.027	0.026
2024-02-05	辽宁	gt3l	潮滩	0.695	0.748	3.464	3.237	0.039	0.039
2024-03-21	海南	gt3l	潮滩	1.227	1.259	1.739	1.744	0.098	0.095
2024-03-21	海南	gt3r	潮滩	1.255	1.259	1.839	1.752	0.098	0.098
2019-02-21	山东	gt1l	沙滩	2.959	2.810	4.004	1.939	2.553	1.671
2019-04-22	广东	gt3l	沙滩	1.327	1.353	1.721	1.554	1.359	1.276
2020-07-20	广东	gt2l	沙滩	2.935	2.767	2.610	1.873	1.963	1.407
2021-06-26	广东	gt3r	沙滩	2.678	2.482	3.396	1.179	4.170	1.445
2022-08-29	海南	gt2r	沙滩	2.452	2.608	4.451	1.438	4.603	3.519
2023-01-11	浙江	gt2r	沙滩	3.338	3.477	1.881	1.738	0.694	0.535

类型	N	精确率	召回率	F₁值	Kappa系数	1 m阈值Kappa系数	平均高程/m		1 m阈值平均高程/m	平均高差/m		1 m阈值平均高差/m	平均坡度/（°）		1 m阈值平均坡度/（°）
类型	N	精确率	召回率	F₁值	Kappa系数	1 m阈值Kappa系数	真值	提取	1 m阈值平均高程/m	真值	提取	1 m阈值平均高差/m	真值	提取	1 m阈值平均坡度/（°）
潮滩	40 852	0.995	0.911	0.951	0.889	－	0.917	0.969	－	2.488	2.211	－	0.055	0.054	－
沙滩	4066	0.973	0.807	0.889	0.874	0.669	2.615	2.583	2.340	3.011	1.620	0.979	2.557	1.642	0.806
总体	44 918	0.995	0.909	0.950	0.895	－	1.766	1.776	－	2.749	1.915	－	1.306	0.848	－

基于ICESat-2卫星高度计数据的潮间带地形光子提取方法

A topographic photon extraction method for intertidal zones using ICESat-2 satellite altimeter data

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