海洋卫星测高及其反演全球海洋重力场和海底地形模型研究进展

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2022.20220069

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 海洋卫星测高在全球和区域大地水准面建模、全球海洋重力场反演、海底地形探测、海平面变化监测、构造板块运动研究等大地测量领域至关重要。本文概述了海洋微波测高卫星的简要发展历程,重点梳理了卫星测高在全球海洋重力场和全球海底地形建模方面取得的丰硕成果,对比分析了主流的海洋重力场和海底地形模型;介绍了合成孔径雷达高度计、Ka频段雷达高度计、合成孔径雷达干涉仪3种先进微波测高技术,并分析了其各自的优缺点,表明它们将在未来若干年呈并驱发展趋势;较为系统地阐述了海洋卫星测高的另一新型技术,即GNSS反射信号测量技术的研究动态,给出了GNSS-R(GNSS reflectometry)类(试验)卫星的发展脉络和发展前景。卫星测高的发展趋势之一是多颗测高卫星的组网观测,本文概括了曾经提出的和拟议中的若干组网测高计划,扼要介绍了由我国提出并正在实施的双星跟飞测高模式;最后指出了卫星测高发展的几个主要关注点,包括双星跟飞测高和SWOT(surface water ocean topography)任务的2维海面高(差)测量、卫星测高反演海底地形与高级地形激光高度计观测数据及遥感卫星图像的结合、星载GNSS-R厘米级海面高的载波相位测量、人工智能技术在卫星测高中的潜在应用等。

关键词: 卫星测高, 海洋重力场, 海底地形, 微波雷达高度计, GNSS反射测量, 双星跟飞测量模式

Abstract: Marine satellite altimetry is very important in the fields of geodesy, such as global and regional geoid modeling, global marine gravity field inversion, seafloor bathymetry, sea level change monitoring and tectonic plate motion research and so on. This paper summarizes the brief history of marine microwave altimetry satellite, and focuses on the rich achievements of satellite altimetry in the global marine gravity field and global bathymetry model, in which the main models are compared and analyzed. Three advanced microwave altimetry technologies such as synthetic aperture radar altimeter, Ka-band radar altimeter and synthetic aperture radar interferometer are introduced, and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. It shows that these three technologies will be developed in parallel in the next few years. This paper systematically expounds the research trends of another new technology of ocean satellite altimetry, namely GNSS reflected signal measurement technology, and gives the development context and development trend of GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R) experimental satellites. One of the development direction of satellite altimetry is using the observation network consisted of multiple altimetry satellites. It outlines several earlier and newly proposes constellation altimetry plans, and briefly introduces the two-satellite tandem mode altimetry plan proposed and being implemented in China. Finally, several main concerns in the development of satellite altimetry are pointed out, including two-dimensional sea surface height (or differential height) measurement using the two-satellite tandem mode altimetry or SWOT (surface water ocean topography) mission, the combination of bathymetry model derived from satellite altimetry and advanced topographic laser altimeter observation data and remote sensing satellite images , the carrier phase measurement of the centimeter-level sea surface height by on-board GNSS-R, and the potential application of artificial intelligence technology in satellite altimetry.

Key words: satellite altimetry, marine gravity field, seafloor bathymetry, microwave radar altimeter, GNSS reflectometry, two-satellite tandem altimetry mode

中图分类号:

P228:P223

孙中苗, 管斌, 翟振和, 欧阳明达. 海洋卫星测高及其反演全球海洋重力场和海底地形模型研究进展[J]. 测绘学报, 2022, 51(6): 923-934.

SUN Zhongmiao, GUAN Bin, ZHAI Zhenhe, OUYANG Mingda. Research progress of ocean satellite altimetry and its recovery of global marine gravity field and seafloor topography model[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2022, 51(6): 923-934.

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