叙事地图的符号体系及叙述机制

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2025.20240175

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着地图作为空间实践的重要媒介，广泛并深入地参与到社会建构过程，叙事地图成为当代地图学的重要分支。然而，由于叙事地图与“科学”地图的理论范式和表征机制存在差别，“科学”地图符号的理论与方法体系难以直接应用于叙事地图的研究。针对这一局限性，本研究首先立足于现代符号学的基本理论原理，深入探究叙事地图不同类型符号的视觉变量构成，结合皮尔斯理论对符号语义特征进行详细分析，并从社会符号学视角出发探讨符号互文关系，从语构、语义和语用3个维度构建叙事地图的符号体系。在此基础上，从两方面揭示叙事地图符号体系的叙述机制。一方面，基于结构主义符号学理论，将叙事地图与语言文本进行类比映射，提出叙事地图“文本”的语法规则，深入剖析语法规则创设的释义机制。另一方面，运用社会符号学“语境”理论，对叙事地图中的互文语境、情景语境及文化语境进行清晰的概念界定和内涵阐述，进一步厘清语境对叙事地图释义的规约机制。本研究为推动叙事地图的发展与应用提供了新的理论基础。

关键词: 叙事地图, 符号, 符号学, 语法规则, 叙述机制, 地图学理论

Abstract:

Nowadays, maps as important media for spatial practice have widely and deeply participated in social construction. Under such circumstances, narrative maps have become the academic frontier in contemporary cartography. However, due to the significant differences in theoretical paradigms and representation mechanisms between narrative maps and “scientific” maps, the theoretical and methodological underpinnings for the symbols of “scientific” maps do not suit to work for narrative maps. With an attempt to fill in these gaps, this study first, referring to the basic theoretical principles of modern semiotics, constructs the symbol system for narrative maps from three aspects, namely structure, semantics, and pragmatics. To be specific, we unfold the visual variables of different types of symbols in narrative maps, analyze the semantic characteristics of symbols, and explore the intertextual relationship of symbols. Following, the working mechanism of the symbol system is unraveled in two major points. On the one hand, the grammar rules for narrative map “texts” to aggregate meanings are proposed in reference to the structuralist symbol theory. One the other hand, guided the “context” theory of social semiotics, the regulatory mechanism of context is clarified through highlighting the roles of intertextual context, situational context and cultural context. This paper is believed to provide new theoretical insights into narrative cartography.

Key words: narrative maps, symbols, semiotics, grammar rules, working mechanism, cartography theory

中图分类号:

P285

苏世亮, 李子纯, 杜清运, 李千千, 亢孟军, 翁敏. 叙事地图的符号体系及叙述机制[J]. 测绘学报, 2025, 54(1): 165-181.

Shiliang SU, Zichun LI, Qingyun DU, Qianqian LI, Mengjun KANG, Min WENG. Symbols of narrative maps: compositional structure and working mechanism[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2025, 54(1): 165-181.

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参考文献 55

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互文关系	语义特征
解释	地图图形符号在成词过程中，需要文字符号进行简短标识，方便定义和说明表达对象。文字常以注记形式出现在地图中
浓缩	地图图形符号在成词过程中，需要文字符号进行提炼形成概括性表达。文字常以标题的形式出现在地图中
重申	文字符号实现了对地图图形符号表达内容的再次描述
增强	文字符号实现地图叙事时间、地点、历史、文化等背景信息的补充
增强	地图图形符号实现地点信息补充，增强文字符号的表达效果
延伸	文字符号与地图图形符号并行叙事，实现对地图或文字单独叙事效果的并列、承接或转折延伸
聚焦	由文字符号叙事聚焦到该主题下某一具体内容的地图化表达
聚焦	由地图图形符号的叙事聚焦到地图上某一位置信息的文字化描述

词性	语义特征	案例
名词（N）	3类符号中任意一种“单独”形成的对事物等的清晰表达，有较为明显的语义边界
形容词（A）	以图像符号、文字符号形式呈现，关系表现为对名词的“重申”
动词（V）	多个名词之间连接的“路径”，以图像或图式呈现。关系表现为“延伸”或“聚焦”
介词（P）	以图式呈现，与名词组合构成介词短语，表示背景信息。关系表现为“增强”

篇位	段落			句子
篇位	主题	结构	案例	事件	结构	案例
P₁	古代营田模式			沙田
P₂	稻作文明史			稻作起源
P₂	稻作文明史			鱼米之乡
P₃	现代稻作情况			农业机械化情况
				水稻生产情况
				稻作类型