测绘学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (12): 2153-2167.doi: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2025.20250057

• 大地测量学与导航 • 上一篇    下一篇

BDS-3/Galileo星座多频弱电离层组合单历元RTK定位优化方法

陈健1,2,3(), 王佳辉1,2,3, 赵兴旺1,2,3, 刘超1,2,3(), 刘春阳1,2,3, 余学祥1,2,3   

  1. 1.安徽理工大学空间信息与测绘工程学院,安徽 淮南 232001
    2.矿山采动灾害空天地协同监测与预警安徽省高校重点实验室,安徽 淮南 232001
    3.矿山环境与灾害协同监测工程研究中心,安徽 淮南 232001
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-14 修回日期:2025-10-28 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-01-15
  • 通讯作者: 刘超 E-mail:cj_19930815@163.com;chliu1@aust.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:陈健(1993—),男,博士,讲师,研究方向为多频多模GNSS精密定位。 E-mail:cj_19930815@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    安徽理工大学青年科技基金(2024JBQN0026);安徽省自然科学基金(2408085MD100; 2208085MD101);安徽省科技重大专项(202103a05020026)

Single-epoch RTK positioning optimization method based on BDS-3/Galileo multi-frequency ionosphere-reduced combinations

Jian CHEN1,2,3(), Jiahui WANG1,2,3, Xingwang ZHAO1,2,3, Chao LIU1,2,3(), Chunyang LIU1,2,3, Xuexiang YU1,2,3   

  1. 1.School of Spatial Information and Surveying Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
    2.Key Laboratory of Aviation-aerospace-ground Cooperative Monitoring and Early Warning of Coal Mining-induced Disasters of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
    3.Engineering Center of Mining Area Environmental and Disaster Cooperative Monitoring, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
  • Received:2025-02-14 Revised:2025-10-28 Online:2026-01-15 Published:2026-01-15
  • Contact: Chao LIU E-mail:cj_19930815@163.com;chliu1@aust.edu.cn
  • About author:CHEN Jian (1993—), male, PhD, lecturer, majors in multi-frequency multi-system GNSS satellite precise positioning. E-mail: cj_19930815@163.com
  • Supported by:
    The Fundamental Research Funds of the AUST(2024JBQN0026);Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2408085MD100; 2208085MD101);Anhui Provincial Major Science and Technology Project(202103a05020026)

摘要:

针对中长基线单历元解算易受到电离层延迟影响,造成窄巷模糊度解算可靠性降低的问题,本文系统分析了BDS-3和Galileo具有低总噪声水平和弱电离层延迟的多频相位组合观测值特性,在此基础上提出了一种基于BDS-3/Galileo多频弱电离层组合的单历元RTK定位优化方法,并采用实测数据进行验证。试验结果表明,本文方法采用的多频弱电离层组合,分别为BDS-3(2,2,-3,0)、Galileo(4,0,-2,-1)的四频组合和BDS-3(2,2,-3,0,0)、Galileo(4,-2,0,-1,0)的五频组合。在BDS-3、Galileo及BDS-3/Galileo组合系统中的定位精度均优于传统方法,其中四频和五频的三维定位精度分别平均提高了18.87%、24.84%、41.47%,以及12.97%、25.52%、42.07%,特别在电离层活跃区,BDS-3/Galileo五频弱电离层组合模糊度固定成功率可保持在99.00%以上。在高截止高度角(如30°)时,BDS-3/Galileo的定位可用性仍达到100%。因此,BDS-3/Galileo组合多频观测值有效提高了定位可用性和可靠性。

关键词: BDS-3/Galileo, 弱电离层组合, 多频信号, 模糊度固定, 单历元RTK

Abstract:

To address the issue that medium-long baseline single epoch solutions are easily affected by ionospheric delays, which reduces the reliability of narrow-lane ambiguity resolution, the characteristics of multi-frequency phase combination observations of BDS-3 and Galileo, which feature low total noise levels and ionosphere-reduced (IR) delays, are systematically analyzed. Based on this analysis, a single-epoch real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning optimization method based on the BDS-3/Galileo multi-frequency IR combination is proposed and validated using measured data. The experimental results indicate that the optimal multi-frequency IR combinations for the proposed method are obtained, namely the quad-frequency combination of BDS-3 (2,2, -3,0) and Galileo (4,0, -2, -1) and the penta-frequency combination of BDS-3 (2,2, -3,0,0) and Galileo (4, -2,0, -1,0). The positioning accuracy using BDS-3, Galileo, and BDS-3/Galileo combined systems is superior to that of conventional methods. Specifically, the 3D positioning accuracy for the quad- and penta-frequency combinations improved on average by 18.87%/24.84%/41.47% and 12.97%/25.52%/42.07%, respectively. Additionally, the ambiguity fixing success rate of the BDS-3/Galileo penta-frequency IR combination can maintain over 99.00% in active ionospheric regions. When the cut-off elevation angle is 30°, the positioning availability of BDS-3/Galileo remains at 100%. Therefore, the combined BDS-3/Galileo multi-frequency observations effectively improve positioning availability and reliability.

Key words: BDS-3/Galileo, ionosphere-reduced combinations, multi-frequency signals, ambiguity resolution, single-epoch RTK

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