GNSS多基线联合解算的高精度变形监测方法

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2025.20250245

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

GNSS变形监测应用面临监测场景复杂和监测设备低成本两大趋势。GNSS高精度监测技术依赖高效可靠的模糊度固定，但受部分遮挡、干扰频繁、监测基线长等复杂条件影响，其模糊度解算能力和变形监测服务性能显著下降。本文充分挖掘区域多监测站的时空关联特性，提出一种GNSS多基线联合简便解算的变形监测方法；推导了多基线联合解算模型的解析解，分析了浮点解精度随监测站数量增加的改善效果；设计了复杂遮挡环境的区域监测试验，通过理论和实际指标验证了本文方法的有效性。杭州湾跨海大桥监测试验结果表明，本文方法可有效提升复杂场景下的监测效果，其收敛速度更快、监测距离更长且模型参数轻量化，具有较好的拓展性和应用前景。

关键词: GNSS, 变形监测, 模糊度固定, 多基线解算

Abstract:

The GNSS deformation monitoring field faces dual challenges from increasingly complex monitoring scenarios and the shift toward low-cost equipment, where performance degradation occurs under signal obstruction, interference, or long baselines. To overcome these limitations, this study leverages spatiotemporal correlations in regional station networks to develop a high-precision method with GNSS multi-baseline solutions. We derive the analytical solution for this model, theoretically analyze the improvement in float solution precision with increasing numbers of monitoring stations, and validate its efficacy through simulated obstructed-environment tests and real-world application on Hangzhou Bay bridge. Results confirm that the approach significantly improves performance in complex conditions, delivering faster convergence, extended monitoring range, and streamlined parameters—highlighting its scalability and practical potential for engineering applications.

Key words: GNSS, deformation monitoring, ambiguity resolution, multi-baseline solutions

中图分类号:

P228

李博峰, 陈龙, 袁雷童. GNSS多基线联合解算的高精度变形监测方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2025, 54(12): 2116-2128.

Bofeng LI, Long CHEN, Leitong YUAN. A high-precision deformation monitoring method with GNSS multi-baseline solutions[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2025, 54(12): 2116-2128.

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监测站	单/多基线解算	无遮挡			Q₁			Q₂			Q₃			Q₄
监测站	单/多基线解算	E	N	U	E	N	U	E	N	U	E	N	U	E	N	U
u₁	SB	0.8	0.6	2.7	1.0	0.7	2.6	0.8	0.7	2.7	0.8	0.9	2.6	1.0	0.7	3.3
u₁	MB	0.7	0.5	2.7	1.0	0.7	2.0	0.7	0.7	2.7	0.7	0.7	2.7	0.5	0.6	2.9
u₂	SB	0.5	0.7	3.0	0.9	0.6	2.9	0.5	0.7	3.2	0.5	1.0	3.3	0.9	1.2	4.4
u₂	MB	0.5	0.7	3.1	1.2	0.7	3.1	0.5	0.8	2.9	0.5	1.0	3.1	0.7	1.5	3.8
u₃	SB	1.0	0.8	3.9	3.3	1.1	4.1	1.2	1.3	4.1	1.3	1.4	4.0	1.4	0.7	6.7
u₃	MB	1.0	0.7	3.5	3.3	1.5	2.7	0.9	1.1	3.5	1.2	1.3	3.2	1.5	0.9	5.0

单/多基线解算	高度角			遮挡区域
单/多基线解算	15°	25°	35°	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
SB	55.85	68.27	91.14	55.85	47.85	49.26	62.41
MB	22.75	23.67	37.68	46.07	37.98	38.71	50.14

单/多基线解算	ratio			高度角			遮挡区域
单/多基线解算	2	3	4	15°	25°	35°	Q₁	Q₂	Q₃	Q₄
SB	196.58	209.67	210.87	165.89	193.06	273.10	323.04	249.04	284.13	341.34
MB	143.31	156.65	158.97	117.26	147.88	208.39	242.16	193.04	217.48	244.58

单/多基线解算	u₁	u₂	u₃
SB	94.6	96.8	93.9
MB	98.6	98.6	98.5

监测站	单/多基线解算	STD
监测站	单/多基线解算	E	N	U
u₁	SB	0.81	0.88	2.47
u₁	MB	0.65	0.78	2.09
u₂	SB	0.76	0.93	2.77
u₂	MB	0.63	0.75	2.32
u₃	SB	0.77	0.83	2.47
u₃	MB	0.64	0.75	2.08