一种适用于高精度定位及定轨的参考站位置偏置方法

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2026.20260094

测绘学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (7): 1212-1228.doi: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2026.20260094

• 大地测量学与导航 • 上一篇

一种适用于高精度定位及定轨的参考站位置偏置方法

李军(), 祝会忠(), 李博, 路阳阳, 王子嘉, 刘智强

辽宁工程技术大学测绘与地理科学学院，辽宁　阜新　123000

收稿日期:2026-03-19 修回日期:2026-06-29 发布日期:2026-08-18
通讯作者: 祝会忠 E-mail:lijun_ch@lntu.edu.cn;zhuhuizhong@lntu.edu.cn
作者简介:李军（1994—），男，博士，讲师，研究方向为GNSS地基增强定位算法。 E-mail：lijun_ch@lntu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42030109; 42074012);辽宁省科学技术计划项目(2025-BS-0390);辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”项目(XLYC2203162)

Reference station position moving method for high-precision positioning and orbit determination

Jun Li(), Huizhong Zhu(), Bo Li, Yangyang Lu, Zijia Wang, Zhiqiang Liu

School of Geomatics, Liaoning Technology University, Fuxin 123000, China

Received:2026-03-19 Revised:2026-06-29 Published:2026-08-18
Contact: Huizhong Zhu E-mail:lijun_ch@lntu.edu.cn;zhuhuizhong@lntu.edu.cn
About author:Li Jun (1994—), male, PhD, lecturer, majors in GNSS ground-based enhanced positioning algorithm. E-mail: lijun_ch@lntu.edu.cn
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(42030109; 42074012);Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Program Project(2025-BS-0390);Liaoning Revitalization Talents Prograrm(XLYC2203162)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高精度定位和定轨服务依赖参考站的准确坐标，在实时传输计算过程中无法实现对参考站坐标的保密，为此本文提出了基于空间误差相关性的参考站位置偏置方法，在进行参考站位置偏置时，认为偏置参考站的大气误差与原参考站一致，同时结合偏置参考站到卫星的几何距离，生成原参考站附近的偏置参考站，偏置参考站观测值与原参考站观测值误差特性一致，可以代替实际参考站实现高精度定位定轨服务。为评估偏置参考站对高精度定位和精密定轨的影响，本文对偏置参考站的PPP-RTK定位、网络RTK定位、精密轨道确定的性能进行分析。试验结果表明，利用偏置参考站代替实际参考站提供服务时，当原始参考站网各参考站随机偏置900 m时，对NL-UPD估计和PPP-RTK定位结果的影响很小，不影响高精度的PPP-RTK定位。对网络RTK分析表明，参考站位置偏置对模糊度解算和误差改正精度的影响，会随着偏置距离的增大而变大；当位置偏置达到5000 m时，参考站解算的浮点模糊度差异会明显增大，非差误差改正数差异也急速增大，但不影响用户的网络RTK高精度定位，对区域增强定位的影响有限。各参考站随机偏置900 m时，位置偏置对精密定轨的影响也较小，影响最大的BDS-IGSO精密轨道，最大值也仅为8.4 mm，满足高精度精密定轨的要求。

关键词: 参考站, 位置偏置, 大气误差, 误差改正数, 坐标加密

Abstract:

High-precision positioning and orbit determination rely on accurate reference station coordinates, but these coordinates cannot remain confidential during real-time transmission and computation. To address this, a reference station position moving method based on spatial error correlation is proposed. This method assumes that atmospheric errors remain consistent with the original station, and by accounting for the geometric distance between the moved station and the satellite, it generates a moved reference station with error characteristics similar to the original. This allows the moved station to replace the original in providing precise positioning determination (PPD) and precise orbit determination (POD) services. To evaluate the impact of this approach, the performance of PPP-RTK positioning, network RTK positioning, and precise orbit determination using moved reference stations is analyzed. Experimental results show that when the reference station is randomly moved up to 900 m, the effect on NL-UPD and PPP-RTK positioning is negligible, and high-precision PPP-RTK remains unaffected. For network RTK, the impact on ambiguity resolution and error correction accuracy increases with moving distance. At 5000 m, float-ambiguity differences become significant, and undifferenced error correction values rise sharply, yet network RTK high-precision positioning remains unaffected, with limited impact on regional enhanced positioning. When the reference station is randomly moved up to 900 m, the influence on precision orbit determination is minimal, with the BDS-IGSO precision orbit showing the largest deviation of only 8.4 mm, meeting high-precision requirements.

Key words: reference station, position moving, atmospheric errors, errors correction values, coordinates security

中图分类号:

P228

李军, 祝会忠, 李博, 路阳阳, 王子嘉, 刘智强. 一种适用于高精度定位及定轨的参考站位置偏置方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2026, 55(7): 1212-1228.

Jun Li, Huizhong Zhu, Bo Li, Yangyang Lu, Zijia Wang, Zhiqiang Liu. Reference station position moving method for high-precision positioning and orbit determination[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2026, 55(7): 1212-1228.

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链接本文: http://xb.chinasmp.com/CN/10.11947/j.AGCS.2026.20260094

http://xb.chinasmp.com/CN/Y2026/V55/I7/1212

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参考站类型	接收机端误差	卫星端误差	大气延迟误差
实际参考站
偏置参考站

参数	描述
观测量	非差无电离层组合
估计器	最小二乘
卫星系统	BDS-3、GPS、Galileo
观测值权	高度角定权
截止高度角	7°
卫星钟差	历元白噪声进行估计
卫星天线相位中心改正	GPS:M14.ATX改正PCO/PCV
卫星天线相位中心改正	BDS:M14.ATX仅改正PCO
对流层延迟	SAAS+GMF投影
接收机钟差	过程估计+白噪声
系统间延迟	按常数估计
模糊度	固定解

模型	处理策略
轨道积分	RKF+Adams
卫星姿态	名义姿态
天线推力	改正
地球反照辐射	改正
太阳光压	GPS:ECOM1光压模型
	BDS:ECOM2+EMP光压模型
	Galileo：ECOM1+BW模型
潮汐	固体潮、海潮和极潮
N体引力	太阳、月亮和其他行星
地球重力场	12阶次EGM

卫星	偏置前/周	偏置后/周	差异/周
GPS	0.018 1	0.018 3	0.002
Galileo	0.018 1	0.019 0	0.009
BDS-3	0.038 5	0.038 3	0.002

卫星	[－0.10，0.10]周		[－0.15，0.15]周
卫星	偏置前	偏置后	偏置前	偏置后
GPS	88.83	88.70	93.25	93.17
Galileo	90.09	90.12	94.34	94.30
BDS-3	82.46	82.43	88.86	88.82

一种适用于高精度定位及定轨的参考站位置偏置方法

Reference station position moving method for high-precision positioning and orbit determination

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参考文献 37

相关文章 6

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Metrics

本文评价

测站	偏置距离/m	E/mm	N/mm	U/mm	收敛时间/s
ABPO	525	0.5	0.3	0	0
ALIC	431	0.6	0.4	0.7	30
AMC4	807	0.7	0.1	0.4	0
AREG	440	0.9	0.1	0.2	30
ARHT	261	0	0	0.3	0
ARUC	400	0.3	0.1	0.5	30
ASCG	447	0.5	0.1	0.2	0
BAMF	381	0.5	0	0.2	0
BOGT	538	0.4	0.3	0.1	0
BREW	76	0	0.1	0	0
BRST	382	0	0.1	0.1	0
BRUX	679	0.1	0.5	0.8	30
BSHM	748	0.1	0.1	0.6	0
CEBR	800	0.9	0.1	0.2	60
CEDU	83	0	0	0.1	0
均值	466	0.36	0.15	0.29	12

卫星	RMS
卫星	100 m	500 m	1000 m	2000 m	3000 m	5000 m
G03	1.58	2.21	3.60	6.21	10.44	18.70
G27	0.94	1.34	1.77	2.67	4.34	7.77
E25	0.36	0.72	1.25	2.35	3.83	7.11
E30	1.85	2.36	3.26	5.97	8.69	15.77
C26	0.29	0.67	0.79	1.23	1.94	3.66
C42	0.06	0.19	0.29	0.87	1.04	2.04

RMS	N/mm	E/mm	U/mm	收敛速度差异/s
100 m	0.31	0.54	0.87	0
500 m	0.52	0.89	1.36	0
1 000 m	0.96	1.71	2.57	1
2 000 m	1.64	2.53	3.61	1
3 000 m	2.68	5.04	7.28	1
5 000 m	4.46	8.25	12.12	2

日期	系统	3D-mean	Along	Cross	Radial
2023年DOY17	GPS	1.4	1.7	1.5	0.9
	Galileo	1.9	2.1	1.8	0.8
	BDS-3-MEO	2.3	2.8	2.2	1.5
	BDS-3-IGSO	7.7	4.0	9.1	8.4
2023年DOY18	GPS	2.0	2.3	2.0	1.3
	Galileo	1.9	2.1	1.8	0.8
	BDS-3-MEO	4.3	2.6	3.5	2.6
	BDS-3-IGSO	4.8	3.9	4.5	5.2
2023年DOY19	GPS	1.9	2.3	1.7	1.3
	Galileo	1.9	2.1	1.8	0.8
	BDS-3-MEO	3.2	3.8	3.1	2.1
	BDS-3-IGSO	5.7	4.8	3.9	7.6

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卫星	RMS
卫星	100 m	500 m	1000 m	2000 m	3000 m	5000 m
G03	1.19	2.13	4.08	7.54	11.85	19.61
G27	0.16	0.39	0.71	1.32	2.01	3.31
E25	0.14	0.39	0.72	1.35	2.04	3.36
E30	1.21	2.43	4.62	7.93	13.37	22.12
C26	0.43	0.89	1.70	3.45	4.92	8.13
C42	0.35	0.59	1.12	2.47	3.22	5.32