基于GPS-TEC的2024年4月8日日食电离层短时扰动时空特征分析

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2026.20260033

测绘学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (6): 1003-1017.doi: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2026.20260033

• 大地测量学与导航 • 上一篇

基于GPS-TEC的2024年4月8日日食电离层短时扰动时空特征分析

罗亦泳¹(), 冯小欢¹(), 孔建², 翟长治³, 鲁铁定¹

^1.东华理工大学测绘与空间信息工程学院，江西　南昌　330013
^2.武汉大学中国南极测绘研究中心，湖北　武汉　430079
^3.中国地质大学（武汉）地理与信息工程学院，湖北　武汉　430074

收稿日期:2026-01-22 修回日期:2026-05-06 发布日期:2026-07-28
通讯作者: 冯小欢 E-mail:ecityyluo@163.com;2023110424@ecut.edu.cn
作者简介:罗亦泳（1982—），男，博士，教授，主要从事测绘数据处理理论与方法研究。E-mail：ecityyluo@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42374040);江西省研究生创新项目(DHYC-2025027)

Temporal and spatial analysis of short-term ionospheric disturbances triggered by the solar eclipse on April 8, 2024 based on GPS-TEC

Yiyong LUO¹(), Xiaohuan FENG¹(), Jian KONG², Changzhi ZHAI³, Tieding LU¹

^1.School of Surveying and Geoinformation Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
^2.Chinese Antarctic Center of Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
^3.School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China

Received:2026-01-22 Revised:2026-05-06 Published:2026-07-28
Contact: Xiaohuan FENG E-mail:ecityyluo@163.com;2023110424@ecut.edu.cn
About author:LUO Yiyong (1982—), male, PhD, professor, majors in surveying and mapping data processing. E-mail: ecityyluo@163.com
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(42374040);The Jiangxi Province Postgraduate Innovation Project(DHYC-2025027)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

现有研究主要聚焦于分析日食引起的电离层大尺度响应规律，而关于日食激发的电离层短时扰动的时空分布特征与形成机理有待进一步研究。2024年4月8日日全食为分析日食引发的电离层短时扰动提供了独特的机遇。本文利用美国大陆覆盖的高密度GPS测站、电离层测高站和气球探空仪观测数据分析日食激发的电离层短时扰动的时空分布特征。结果表明：①位于日全食路径的GPS测站均观测到波动周期为14~45 min的电离层短时扰动（中心周期为19~34 min），最大负扰动出现在食甚后4~8 min，扰动沿着日全食路径的方向传播；电离层测高站F2层临界频率扰动量的时间序列中也探测到类似扰动；在垂直于日全食路径方向上，电离层总电子含量（TEC）扰动量的扰动振幅随着GPS测站与日全食距离的增加而逐渐减小。②日食区域存在类似弓形波的电离层短时扰动，随日全食从美国得克萨斯州向缅因州移动，负扰动主要集中在日全食轨迹附近并位于日全食阴影后方。③本文发现日食期间存在两种显著的电离层短时扰动，Disturbance1的移动速度与日全食阴影一致，传播轨迹与日食移动路径高度吻合，并非重力波激发的大尺度电离层行扰，极有可能是由日食激发的电离层扰动；Disturbance2的水平相速度为296~312 m/s，水平波长为340~393 km，周期为21~24 min，以日食为中心向路径两侧传播，极有可能是日食重力波引起的中尺度电离层行扰，气球探空仪的观测结果进一步表明该扰动极有可能受低层大气重力波的影响。

关键词: 日食, 电离层总电子含量, 电离层行扰, GPS

Abstract:

The total solar eclipse on April 8, 2024, offered a unique opportunity to investigate short-period ionospheric disturbances, the mechanisms of which were less well understood than the large-scale effects induced by eclipses. This study used data from high-density GPS stations, ionosondes, and balloon radiosondes across the United States to analyze the propagation characteristics of short-period ionospheric disturbances. ① All GPS stations located along the totality path observed ionospheric disturbances with fluctuation periods of 14~45 min and a central period of 19~34 min. The maximum negative disturbance appeared 4~8 min after totality, and the disturbances propagated along the direction of the totality path. Similar ionospheric disturbances were also detected in the detrended F2-layer critical frequency time series from ionosondes. In contrast, the detrended total electron content time series from GPS stations at progressively greater perpendicular distances from the totality path showed that the amplitude of ionospheric disturbances gradually decreased with increasing distance from the totality path. ② During the eclipse, short-period ionospheric disturbances resembling bow waves were observed. The disturbances were primarily concentrated near the path of totality and located predominantly behind the moving umbral shadow. ③ Two distinct types were identified based on the propagation characteristics. The first type propagated at a speed consistent with the movement of the total solar eclipse, with a propagation trajectory highly coincident with the eclipse path, and was unlikely to be a large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbance excited by gravity waves. The second type of disturbance had a horizontal phase velocity of 296~312 m/s, a horizontal wavelength of 340~393 km, and a period of 21~24 min, propagating outward from the totality center to both sides of the path. These are very likely medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances caused by eclipse-induced gravity waves. Balloon radiosonde observations indicate that this disturbance was very likely influenced by lower-atmospheric gravity waves.

Key words: solar eclipse, total electron content, traveling ionospheric disturbances, GPS

中图分类号:

P228

罗亦泳, 冯小欢, 孔建, 翟长治, 鲁铁定. 基于GPS-TEC的2024年4月8日日食电离层短时扰动时空特征分析[J]. 测绘学报, 2026, 55(6): 1003-1017.

Yiyong LUO, Xiaohuan FENG, Jian KONG, Changzhi ZHAI, Tieding LU. Temporal and spatial analysis of short-term ionospheric disturbances triggered by the solar eclipse on April 8, 2024 based on GPS-TEC[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2026, 55(6): 1003-1017.

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链	GPS站	纬度	经度	初亏UT	食甚UT	复圆UT	日食遮蔽度/（%）	链	GPS站	纬度	经度	初亏UT	食甚UT	复圆UT	日食遮蔽度/（%）
0	txkr	30.06°N	99.12°W	17.25	18.54	19.93	100	2	wimw	46.12°N	89.88°W	17.92	19.13	20.32	76
0	p807	30.50°N	98.82°W	17.27	18.56	19.94	100	2	wicr	45.58°N	88.89°W	17.92	19.14	20.34	80
…								…
0	nyhl	44.31°N	75.45°W	18.18	19.39	20.59	100	2	ncwh	34.28°N	78.72°W	17.96	19.24	20.47	73
0	nyrb	44.30°N	74.08°W	18.21	19.42	20.61	100	2	ncsl	33.98°N	78.39°W	17.96	19.24	20.47	72
1	mtdt	46.59°N	111.99°W	17.65	18.67	19.71	37	3	p802	46.56°N	100.62°W	17.76	18.91	20.06	57
1	mawy	44.97°N	110.69°W	17.60	18.66	19.75	42	3	sdhu	44.37°N	98.24°W	17.73	18.92	20.12	67
…								…
1	mepd	29.66°N	95.24°W	17.33	18.67	20.02	94	3	alse	32.45°N	87.01°W	17.65	18.98	20.27	83
1	uhc5	29.39°N	95.04°W	17.33	18.67	20.02	92	3	alnb	31.38°N	85.92°W	17.66	18.98	20.28	77

基于GPS-TEC的2024年4月8日日食电离层短时扰动时空特征分析

Temporal and spatial analysis of short-term ionospheric disturbances triggered by the solar eclipse on April 8, 2024 based on GPS-TEC

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