利用GNSS-PWV估计台风期地面风速的方法及精度验证

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2026.20260055

测绘学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (8): 1357-1368.doi: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2026.20260055

• 大地测量学与导航 • 上一篇

利用GNSS-PWV估计台风期地面风速的方法及精度验证

何琦敏¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), 宋康明⁵^,⁶, 张克非⁷(), 胡超², 高笔清⁸

^1.苏州科技大学城市智能遥感与古城数智化技术江苏省产业技术工程化中心，江苏　苏州　215009
^2.安徽理工大学矿山环境与灾害协同监测工程研究中心，安徽　淮南　232001
^3.苏州博何智能信息科技有限公司，江苏　苏州　215101
^4.苏州科技大学苏州市空间信息智能技术与应用重点实验室，江苏　苏州　215009
^5.广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院有限公司，广东　广州　510060
^6.广州开发区规划勘测设计院有限公司，广东　广州　510700
^7.中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院，江苏　徐州　221116
^8.园测信息科技股份有限公司，江苏　苏州　215021

收稿日期:2026-03-03 修回日期:2026-07-24 发布日期:2026-09-09
通讯作者: 张克非 E-mail:heqimin@usts.edu.cn;profkzhang@cumt.edu.cn
作者简介:何琦敏（1994—），男，博士，讲师，研究方向为GNSS气象学。E-mail：heqimin@usts.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42361134583; 42274021; 42404015);矿山环境与灾害协同监测工程研究中心（安徽理工大学）开放基金(KSXTJC202404);江苏省高等学校自然科学研究(24KJB170020);江苏省科技副总项目(FZ20240127);东吴科技领军人才计划(WC2025027)

A method for estimating surface wind speed during typhoon events using GNSS-derived PWV and its accuracy validation

Qimin He¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), Kangming Song⁵^,⁶, Kefei Zhang⁷(), Chao Hu², Biqing Gao⁸

^1.Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Center for Industrial Technology of Urban Intelligent Remote Sensing and Ancient City Digital Intelligence, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
^2.Engineering Research Center of Mining Area Environmental and Disaster Cooperative Monitoring, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
^3.Suzhou Bohe Intelligent Information Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215101, China
^4.Suzhou Key Laboratory of Spatial Information Intelligent Technology and Application, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
^5.Guangzhou Urban Planning & Design Survey Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510060, China
^6.Guangzhou Development Zone Planning & Design Survey Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510700, China
^7.School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
^8.SIPSG Information Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215021, China

Received:2026-03-03 Revised:2026-07-24 Published:2026-09-09
Contact: Kefei Zhang E-mail:heqimin@usts.edu.cn;profkzhang@cumt.edu.cn
About author:He Qimin (1994—), male, PhD, lecturer, majors in GNSS meteorology. E-mail: heqimin@usts.edu.cn
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(42361134583; 42274021; 42404015);Engineering Research Center of Mining Area Environmental and Disaster Cooperative Monitoring (Anhui University of Science and Technology)(KSXTJC202404);Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(24KJB170020);Jiangsu Province Science and Technology Vice President Project(FZ20240127);Dongwu Leading Talent Program for Science and Technology Innovation and Entrepreneurship(WC2025027)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地面风速（wind speed，WS）是评估台风强度及灾害影响的重要参数，但自动气象站分布稀疏，限制了台风期地面风速场的精细监测。基于台风期大气可降水量（precipitable water vapor，PWV）与WS的相关性及风速的时间延续性，本文构建了LPWV-WS、PPWV-WS和PWV-WS3 3种地面风速估计模型。采用2019—2023年日本九州岛地区97个GNSS站的PWV数据、24个自动气象站WS观测数据及ERA5背景风场，对模型性能及应用效果进行验证。结果表明，台风期PWV与WS具有较强相关性，而非台风期相关性较弱。基于台风期样本加权的K折交叉验证结果显示，PWV-WS3模型精度和稳定性最优，其WS的平均绝对误差、均方根误差和标准差分别为0.89、1.25和1.24 m/s，转换得到的风级相应指标分别为0.44、0.71和0.70。以2023年超强台风“卡努”为例，GNSS-PWV加密后的风速场能够更清晰地反映高风速区及其随台风移动的空间演变。研究表明，GNSS-PWV可作为台风期地面风速监测的有效补充，为高时空分辨率风场重建和风灾监测提供技术途径。

关键词: 全球导航卫星系统, 大气可降水量, 台风, 风速和风级, 交叉验证

Abstract:

Surface wind speed (WS) is a key indicator for evaluating typhoon intensity and assessing potential wind hazards. However, the sparse distribution of automatic weather stations limits high-resolution monitoring of surface wind fields during typhoon events. In this study, three PWV-based WS estimation models (LPWV-WS, PPWV-WS, and PWV-WS3) were developed based on the correlation between precipitable water vapor (PWV) and WS during typhoon periods, together with the temporal persistence of wind speed. The models were evaluated using PWV observations from 97 global navigation satellite system (GNSS) stations, WS observations from 24 automatic weather stations, and ERA5 wind field data collected over Kyushu, Japan, during typhoon events from 2019 to 2023. The results show that PWV is strongly correlated with WS during typhoon periods, whereas the correlation is weak during non-typhoon periods. A weighted K-fold cross-validation based on typhoon samples demonstrates that the PWV-WS3 model achieves the best accuracy and stability, with mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and standard deviation (STD) of 0.89 m/s, 1.25 m/s, and 1.24 m/s, respectively. The corresponding errors for the derived wind level (WL) are 0.44, 0.71, and 0.70, respectively. A case study of super Typhoon Khanun (2023) further demonstrates that GNSS-PWV-enhanced wind fields provide a more detailed representation of high-wind-speed regions and their spatial evolution during typhoon movement. These results indicate that GNSS-derived PWV can effectively complement conventional surface wind observations and provide a new approach for high-resolution surface wind field reconstruction and typhoon wind hazard monitoring.

Key words: global navigation satellite system, precipitable water vapor, typhoon, wind speed and level, cross-validation

中图分类号:

P228

何琦敏, 宋康明, 张克非, 胡超, 高笔清. 利用GNSS-PWV估计台风期地面风速的方法及精度验证[J]. 测绘学报, 2026, 55(8): 1357-1368.

Qimin He, Kangming Song, Kefei Zhang, Chao Hu, Biqing Gao. A method for estimating surface wind speed during typhoon events using GNSS-derived PWV and its accuracy validation[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2026, 55(8): 1357-1368.

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链接本文: http://xb.chinasmp.com/CN/10.11947/j.AGCS.2026.20260055

http://xb.chinasmp.com/CN/Y2026/V55/I8/1357

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风级	风速区间/（m/s）	风级	风速区间/（m/s）
0	[0，0.3）	7	[13.9，17.2）
1	[0.3，1.6）	8	[17.2，20.8）
2	[1.6，3.4）	9	[20.8，24.5）
3	[3.4，5.5）	10	[24.5，28.6）
4	[5.5，8.0）	11	[28.6，32.7）
5	[8.0，10.8）	12	[32.7，36.9）
6	[10.8，13.9）	>12	≥36.9

模型	台风类型	地面风速/（m/s）			风级
模型	台风类型	MAE	RMSE	STD	MAE	RMSE	STD
LPWV-WS	热带风暴	1.82	2.41	2.13	0.88	1.19	1.08
	强热带风暴	1.56	1.92	1.70	0.79	1.09	0.94
	台风	2.10	2.89	2.83	1.01	1.34	1.30
	强台风	1.95	2.58	2.41	0.92	1.24	1.16
	超强台风	2.50	3.21	3.04	1.15	1.48	1.37
PPWV-WS	热带风暴	1.82	2.39	2.12	0.85	1.14	1.06
	强热带风暴	1.54	1.91	1.69	0.76	0.99	0.93
	台风	1.98	2.75	2.71	0.93	1.25	1.23
	强台风	1.91	2.56	2.43	0.93	1.24	1.16
	超强台风	2.37	3.04	2.77	1.11	1.41	1.25
PWV-WS3	热带风暴	0.82	1.12	1.12	0.41	0.67	0.67
	强热带风暴	0.75	1.00	0.99	0.38	0.63	0.63
	台风	0.91	1.29	1.29	0.45	0.72	0.72
	强台风	0.86	1.17	1.17	0.42	0.68	0.68
	超强台风	0.90	1.27	1.26	0.44	0.71	0.71

模型	地面风速/（m/s）			风级
模型	MAE	RMSE	STD	MAE	RMSE	STD
LPWV-WS	2.27	2.99	2.83	1.06	1.39	1.30
AR_LPWV-WS	1.34	1.37	1.36	0.66	0.83	0.82
PPWV-WS	2.16	2.83	2.65	1.02	1.32	1.31
AR_PPWV-WS	1.21	1.28	1.27	0.56	0.78	0.77
AR_WS	1.57	1.63	1.62	0.73	0.89	0.89
PWV-WS3	0.89	1.25	1.24	0.44	0.71	0.70

变量	系数估计值	t值	p值
WS（t－1）	0.908	721.064	<0.001
PWV（t）	0.059	31.317	<0.001
PWV（t－1）	－0.046	－24.725	<0.001

方案	MAE	RMSE	STD
无加密	3.42	3.95	3.78
PWV加密	2.03	2.74	2.71

利用GNSS-PWV估计台风期地面风速的方法及精度验证

A method for estimating surface wind speed during typhoon events using GNSS-derived PWV and its accuracy validation

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