Degenerate Quadtree Latitude/Longitude Grid Based on WGS-84 Ellipsoidal Facet

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2016.F004

Abstract

Abstract: For the needs of digital earth development and solving many global problems, a new discrete global grid system-DQLLG (degenerate quadtree latitude/longitude grid) was put forward, which was based on WGS-84 ellipsoidal facet. The hierarchical subdivision method, characteristics and grid column/row coordinate system were detailed. The Latitude/Longitude coordinate, area and side length of multi-resolution meshes on different subdivision levels were calculated. Then the changes of mesh areas and side lengths were analyzed and compared that with spherical DQLLG. The research indicates that the DQLLG had many excellent features:uniformity, hierarchy, consistency of direction, extensive data compatibility and so on. It has certain practicality for Global GIS in the future.

Key words: degenerate quadtree latitude/longitude grid(DQLLG), WGS-84 ellipsoidal facet, discrete global grid(DGG), grid, hierarchical subdivision

CLC Number:

P208

HU Bailin, WANG Chunbo, ZHAO Xuesheng, CUI Majun. Degenerate Quadtree Latitude/Longitude Grid Based on WGS-84 Ellipsoidal Facet[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2016, 45(S1): 32-39.

References

[1] 周成虎, 欧阳, 马廷. 地理格网模型研究进展[J]. 地理科学进展, 2009, 28(5):657-662. ZHOU Chenghu, OU Yang, MA Ting. Progresses of Geographical Grid Systems Researches[J]. Progress in Geography, 2009, 28(5):657-662.
[2] GOLD C, MOSTAFAVI M A. Towards the Global GIS[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2000, 55(3):150-163.
[3] DUTTON G. Universal Geospatial Data Exchange Via Global Hierarchical Coordinate[C]//Proceedings of 2000 International Conference on Discrete Global Grids. Santa Barbara, CA:[s.n.], 2000.
[4] 胡鹏, 吴艳兰, 杨传勇, 等. 大型GIS与数字地球的空间数学基础研究[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2001, 26(4):296-302. HU Peng, WU Yanlan, YANG Chuanyong, et al. Research on System Space Mathematical Base of Large-scale GIS and the Digital Earth[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2001, 26(4):296-302.
[5] 赵学胜. 基于QTM的球面Voronoi数据模型研究[M]. 北京:测绘出版社, 2004. ZHAO Xuesheng. Spherical Voronoi Data Model based on QTM[M]. Beijing:Surveying and Mapping Press, 2004.
[6] DUTTON G H. A Hierarchical Coordinate System for Geoprocessing and Cartography[M]. Berlin Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag, 1999.
[7] LUKATELA H. Ellipsoidal Area Computations of Large Terrestrial Objects[C]//Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Discrete Grids'2000. Santa Barbara:[s.n.], 2000.
[8] SAHR K, WHITE D, KIMERLING A J. Geodesic Discrete Global Grid Systems[J]. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 2003, 30(2):121-134.
[9] BARTHOLDI III J J, GOLDSMAN P. Continuous Indexing of Hierarchical Subdivisions of the Globe[J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 2001, 15(6):489-522.
[10] BJØRKE J T, GRYTTEN J K, HÆGER M, et al. A Global Grid Model Based on "Constant Area" Quadrilaterals[C]//ScanGIS'2003-The 9th Scandinavian Research Conference on Geographical Information Science. Espoo, Finland:GIS, 2003, 3:238-250.
[11] DUTTON G. Polyhedral Hierarchical Tessellations:The Shape of GIS to Come[J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 1991, 1(3):49-55.
[12] GOODCHILD M E. Criteria for Evaluation of Global Grid Models for Environmental Monitoring and Analysis[R]. Handout from NCGIA Initiative 15. See Spatial Analysis on the Sphere:A Review, by Rob Raskin.NCGIA Technical Report, 1994:94-7.
[13] KIMERLING J A, SAHR K, WHITE D, et al. Comparing Geometrical Properties of Global Grids[J]. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 1999, 26(4):271-288.
[14] GOODCHILD M F, YANG Shiren. A Hierarchical Spatial Data Structure for Global Geographic Information Systems[J]. CVGIP:Graphical Models and Image Processing, 1992, 54(1):31-44.
[15] 贲进, 童晓冲, 张衡, 等. 一种通用球面等积离散网格生成算法[J]. 测绘学院学报, 2005, 22(4):252-255, 258. BEN Jin, TONG Xiaochong, ZHANG Heng, et al. A Universal Generation Algorithm of Spherical Equal-Area Discrete Grid[J]. Journal of Institute of Surveying and Mapping, 2005, 22(4):252-255, 258.
[16] 贲进, 童晓冲, 周成虎, 等. 正八面体的六边形离散格网系统生成算法[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2015, 17(7):789-797. BEN Jin, TONG Xiaochong, ZHOU Chenghu, et al. Construction Algorithm of Octahedron Based Hexagon Grid Systems[J]. Journal of Geo-Information Science, 2015, 17(7):789-797.
[17] 贲进, 童晓冲, 张永生, 等. 球面等积网格系统生成算法与软件模型研究[J]. 测绘学报, 2007, 36(2):187-191. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1595.2007.02.013. BEN Jin, TONG Xiaochong, ZHANG Yongsheng, et al. Research on Generating Algorithm and Software Model of Discrete Global Grid Systems[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2007, 36(2):187-191. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1595.2007.02.013.
[18] 贲进, 童晓冲, 元朝鹏. 孔径为4的全球六边形格网系统索引方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2011, 40(6):785-789, 795. BEN Jin, TONG Xiaochong, YUAN Zhaopeng. Indexing Schema of the Aperture 4 Hexagonal Discrete Global Grid System[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2011, 40(6):785-789, 795.
[19] 童晓冲, 贲进, 秦志远, 等. 基于全球离散网格框架的局部网格划分[J]. 测绘学报, 2009, 38(6):506-513. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1595.2009.06.007. TONG Xiaochong, BEN Jin, QIN Zhiyuan, et al. The Subdivision of Partial Grid Based on Discrete Global Grid Systems[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2009, 38(6):506-513. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1595.2009.06.007.
[20] 童晓冲, 贲进, 汪滢. 利用数值投影变换构建全球六边形离散格网[J]. 测绘学报, 2013, 42(2):268-276. TONG Xiaochong, BEN Jin, WANG Ying. The Construction of Hexagonal Discrete Global Grid by Numerical Projection Transformation[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2013, 42(2):268-276.
[21] 童晓冲, 贲进, 张永生. 基于二十面体剖分格网的球面实体表达与Voronoi图生成[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2006, 31(11):966-970. TONG Xiaochong, BEN Jin, ZHANG Yongsheng. Expression of Spherical Entities and Generation of Voronoi Diagram Based on Truncated Icosahedron DGG[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2006, 31(11):966-970.
[22] 童晓冲, 贲进, 张永生. 全球多分辨率六边形网格剖分及地址编码规则[J]. 测绘学报, 2007, 36(4):428-435. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1595.2007.04.012. TONG Xiaochong, BEN Jin, ZHANG Yongsheng. The Subdivision of Global Multi-resolution Hexagonal Grid and the Rules of Address Coding[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2007, 36(4):428-435. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1595.2007.04.012.
[23] TONG Xiaochong. The Principles and Methods of Discrete Global Grid Systems for Geospatial Information Subdivision Organization[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2011, 40(4):536.
[24] 童晓冲. 空间信息剖分组织的全球离散格网理论与方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2011, 40(4):536. TONG Xiaochong. The Principles and Methods of Discrete Global Grid Systems for Geospatial Information Subdivision Organization[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2011, 40(4):536.
[25] 赵学胜, 白建军, 王志鹏. 基于QTM的全球地形自适应可视化模型[J]. 测绘学报, 2007, 36(3):316-320. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1595.2007.03.013. ZHAO Xuesheng, BAI Jianjun, WANG Zhipeng. An Adaptive Visualized Model of the Global Terrain Based on QTM[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2007, 36(3):316-320. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1595.2007.03.013.
[26] 赵学胜, 白建军. 基于菱形块的全球离散格网层次建模[J]. 中国矿业大学学报, 2007, 36(3):397-401. ZHAO Xuesheng, BAI Jianjun. Hierarchical Model of Global Discrete Grids Based on Diamonds[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2007, 36(3):397-401.
[27] 赵学胜, 陈军. 基于球面四元三角网剖分的层次空间关系推理[J]. 测绘学报, 2001, 30(4):355-360. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1595.2001.04.015. ZHAO Xuesheng, CHEN Jun. Hierarchical Spatial Relation Reasoning Based on Spherical O-QTM Partition[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2001, 30(4):355-360. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1595.2001.04.015.
[28] 赵学胜, 崔马军, 李昂, 等. 球面退化四叉树格网单元的邻近搜索算法[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2009, 34(4):479-482. ZHAO Xuesheng, CUI Majun, LI Ang, et al. An Adjacent Searching Algorithm of Degenerate Quadtree Grid on Spherical Facet[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2009, 34(4):479-482.
[29] 赵学胜, 苑争一, 赵龙飞, 等. 一种改进的近似等面积QTM剖分模型[J]. 测绘学报, 2016, 45(1):112-118. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2016.20140598. ZHAO Xuesheng, YUAN Zhengyi, ZHAO Longfei, et al. An Improved QTM Subdivision Model with Approximate Equal-Area[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2016, 45(1):112-118. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2016.20140598.
[30] 胡佰林, 赵学胜. 基于投影的球面退化四叉树格网路径搜索算法及其效率测试[J]. 河南理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 32(3):293-297. HU Bailin, ZHAO Xuesheng. An Algorithm of Searching Degenerate Quadtree Grid Cells Along a Path[J]. Journal of Henan Polytechnic University (Natural Science), 2013, 32(3):293-297.
[31] 赵学胜, 王磊, 王洪彬, 等. 全球离散格网的建模方法及基本问题[J]. 地理与地理信息科学, 2012, 28(1):29-34. ZHAO Xuesheng, WANG Lei, WANG Hongbin, et al. Modeling Methods and Basic Problems of Discrete Global Grids[J]. Geography and Geo-Information Science, 2012, 28(1):29-34.
[32] 崔马军, 赵学胜. 球面退化四叉树格网的剖分及变形分析[J]. 地理与地理信息科学, 2007, 23(6):23-25. CUI Majun, ZHAO Xuesheng. Tessellation and Distortion Analysis Based on Spherical DQG[J]. Geography and Geo-Information Science, 2007, 23(6):23-25.
[33] 赵学胜, 侯妙乐, 白建军. 全球离散格网的空间数字建模[M]. 北京:测绘出版社, 2007. ZHAO Xuesheng, HOU Miaole, BAI Jianjun. Spatial Digital Modeling of the Global Discrete Grids[M]. Beijing:Surveying and Mapping Press, 2007.
[34] KIESTER A R, SAHR K. Introduction to discrete global grids[J]. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 2008, 32(3):173.
[35] 孔祥元, 郭际明, 刘宗泉. 大地测量学基础[M]. 2版. 武汉:武汉大学出版社, 2010. KONG Xiangyuan, GUO Jiming, LIU Zongquan. Foundation of Geodesy[M]. 2nd ed. Wuhan:Wuhan University Press, 2010.