Impact on Nonlinear Vertical Variation of GNSS Reference Stations Caused by Thermal Expansion

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2015.20140296

Abstract

Abstract:

Thermal expansion of GPS monuments and nearby bedrock could result in vertical changes in the coordinate time series of GNSS reference stations. In this paper, an improved method was developed to compute the magnitude of vertical variations caused by thermal expansion. Firstly, we calculated the effect on GPS monument and bedrock caused by thermal expansion based on land surface temperature data of GNSS reference stations and thermal expansion model. Secondly, we estimated the circular frequencies, amplitudes and phases using the method of least squares fitting instead of the current method which estimated only the amplitudes and phases information. Finally, we studied the periodic characteristics of the vertical variations caused by our modified thermal expansion model. Through analyzing the results of 9 representative IGS stations, we concluded that thermal expansion of GPS monuments and nearby bedrock could result in vertical variations of GNSS stations. The maximum variations could reach up to 0.57 mm and 1.85 mm at these stations respectively. The vertical variation caused by thermal expansion exhibited both annual and semiannual characteristics, which could explain 11.2% and 3.3% of the total annual and semi-annual variations in the up component of the coordinate time series respectively, and the magnitudes became larger with the increasing of their latitudes. Meanwhile, the amplitudes of the annual variations were much larger than that of the semi-annual variations. Meanwhile, some other small period (about 51 days) was also detected at some of these stations. In addition, we chose 107 IGS reference stations and computed the annual amplitudes and phases caused by thermal expansion of all these stations based on the method aforesaid. The results show that the maximum annual amplitude can reach to 3.3 mm, and their magnitudes show positive correlation with their latitudes prominently.

Key words: thermal expansion, vertical variation, periodic variation, least squares fitting

CLC Number:

P223

JIANG Weiping, WANG Kaihua, DENG Liansheng, LI Zhao. Impact on Nonlinear Vertical Variation of GNSS Reference Stations Caused by Thermal Expansion[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2015, 44(5): 473-480.

References

[1] DONG D, FANG P, BOCK Y, et al. Anatomy of Apparent Seasonal Variations from GPS-derived Site Position Time Series[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2002, 107(B4): ETG9-1-ETG9-16.
[2] ROMAGNOLI C, ZERBINI S, LAGO L, et al. Influence of Soil Consolidation and Thermal Expansion Effects on Height and Gravity Variations[J]. Journal of Geodynamics, 2003, 35(4): 521-539.
[3] PRAWIRODIRDJO L, BEN-ZION Y, BOCK Y. Observation and Modeling of Thermoelastic Strain in Southern California Integrated GPS Network Daily Position Time Series[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2006, 111(B2): B02408.
[4] YAN Haoming, CHEN Wu, ZHU Yaozhong, et al. Contributions of Thermal Expansion of Monuments and Nearby Bedrock to Observed GPS Height Changes[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2009, 36(13): L13301.
[5] YAN Haoming, CHEN Wu, ZHU Yaozhong, et al. Thermal Effects on Vertical Displacement of GPS Stations in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2010, 53(4): 825-832. (闫昊明, 陈武, 朱耀仲, 等. 温度变化对我国GPS台站垂直位移的影响[J]. 地球物理学报, 2010, 53(4): 825-832.)
[6] WANG Min, SHEN Zhengkang, DONG Danan. Effects of Non-tectonic Crustal Deformation on Continuous GPS Position Time Series and Correction to Them[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2005, 48(5): 1045-1052. (王敏, 沈正康, 董大南. 非构造形变对GPS连续站位置时间序列的影响和修正[J]. 地球物理学报, 2005, 48(5): 1045-1052.)
[7] MAO Ailin, HARRISON C G A, DIXON T H. Noise in GPS Coordinate Time Series[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth(1978-2012),1999, 104(B2): 2797-2816.
[8] LI Zhao. Research on the Non-linear Variation of GPS Coordinate Time Series[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University, 2012. (李昭. GPS坐标时间序列的非线性变化研究[D]. 武汉: 武汉大学, 2012.)
[9] WANG Yankai. Research on Geophysical Effect on GPS Height Coordinate Time Series[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University, 2012. (王琰开. 地球物理效应对GPS高程坐标时间序列的影响研究[D]. 武汉: 武汉大学, 2012.)
[10] TURCOTTE D L, SCHUBERT G. Geodynamics: Application of Continuum Physics to Geological Problems[M]. New York: John Wiley, 1982:450.
[11] WEAST R C, ASTLE M J, et al. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics[M]. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 1982.
[12] JIANG Weiping, LIU Hongfei, ZHOU Xiaohui, et al. Analysis of Long-term Deformation of Reservoir Using Continuous GPS Observations[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2012, 41(5): 682-689. (姜卫平, 刘鸿飞, 周晓慧, 等. 利用连续GPS观测数据分析水库长期变形[J]. 测绘学报, 2012, 41(5): 682-689.)
[13] JIANG Weiping, LI Zhao, LIU Wanke, et al. Some Thoughts on Establishment and Maintenance of Terrestrial Reference Frame Considering Non-linear Variation[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2010, 35(6): 665-669. (姜卫平, 李昭, 刘万科, 等. 顾及非线性变化的地球参考框架建立与维持的思考[J]. 武汉大学学报: 信息科学版, 2010, 35(6): 665-669.)
[14] LI Zhao, JIANG Weiping, LIU Hongfei, et al. Noise Model Establishment and Analysis of IGS Reference Station Coordinate Time Series inside China[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2012, 41(4): 496-503. (李昭, 姜卫平, 刘鸿飞, 等. 中国区域IGS基准站坐标时间序列噪声模型建立与分析[J]. 测绘学报, 2012, 41(4): 496-503.)
[15] YUAN Linguo, DING Xiaoli, CHEN Wu, et al. Characteristics of Daily Position Time Series from the Hong Kong GPS Fiducial Network[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2008, 51(5): 1372-1384. (袁林果, 丁晓利, 陈武, 等. 香港GPS基准站坐标序列特征分析[J]. 地球物理学报, 2008, 51(5): 1372-1384.)
[16] FU Yang. Present-day Crustal Deformation in China and GPS-derived Coordinate Time Series Analysis[D]. Beijing: Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2002. (符养. 中国大陆现今地壳形变与GPS坐标时间序列分析[D]. 北京: 中国科学院研究生院, 2002.)
[17] HUANG Liren. Noise Properties in Time Series of Coordinate Component at GPS Fiducial Stations[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2006, 26(2): 31-33, 38. (黄立人. GPS 基准站坐标分量时间序列的噪声特性分析[J]. 大地测量与地球动力学,2006, 26(2): 31-33, 38.)
[18] VERHOEF A, VAN DEN HURK B J, JACOBS A F, et al. Thermal Soil Properties for Vineyard (EFEDA-I) and Savanna (HAPEX-Sahel) Sites[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,1996, 78(1): 1-18.
[19] ZHANG Jie, BOCK Y, JOHNSON H, et al. Southern California Permanent GPS Geodetic Array: Error Analysis of Daily Position Estimates and Site Velocities[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1997, 102(B8): 18018-18035.
[20] JIANG Zhihao, ZHANG Peng, BEI Jinzhong, et al. Velocity Estimation on the Colored Noise Properties of CORS Network in China Based on the CGCS2000 Frame[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2010, 39(4): 355-363. (蒋志浩, 张鹏, 秘金钟, 等. 顾及有色噪声影响的CGCS2000下我国CORS站速度估计[J]. 测绘学报, 2010, 39(4): 355-363.)
[21] JIANG Zhihao, ZHANG Peng, MI Jinzhong, et al. The Model of Crustal Horizontal Movement Based on CGCS2000 Frame[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2009, 38(6): 471-476. (蒋志浩, 张鹏, 秘金钟, 等. 基于CGCS2000的中国地壳水平运动速度场模型研究[J]. 测绘学报, 2009, 38(6): 471-476.)
[22] ZHU Wenyao, FU Yang, LI Yan. Global Height Vibration and Its Seasonal Variation Induced by GPS Height[J]. Science in China: Series D, 2003, 33(5): 470-481. (朱文耀, 符养, 李彦. GPS高程导出的全球高程振荡运动及季节性变化[J]. 中国科学: D辑, 2003, 33(5): 470-481.)