DEM约束的卫星影像定位法

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2020.20190226

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 作为“云控制”摄影测量理论和方法的发展，研究了DEM约束的立体卫星影像区域网平差方法。与DEM仅作为高程控制信息使用，或者是通过DEM表面匹配实现绝对定向的间接定位方法不同，DEM作为平高控制信息被直接引入至基于RFM模型的卫星影像区域网平差之中。本文方法将连接点地面高程与DEM格网内插高程之差作为虚拟观测值构建约束方程，不仅利用了DEM高程信息，并且利用了其地形曲面包含的平面信息，以“云控制”方式在区域网平差过程中有效消除卫星影像RPC参数中包含的整体偏移及区域网内部的扭曲变形，实现了无地面控制点条件下卫星影像平面及高程绝对定位精度的大幅提升。使用覆盖山东全境的330景天绘一号立体卫星影像进行试验，分别以AW3D30、ASTER GDEM和SRTM GL3共3种开源DEM作为控制信息，并使用100个外业实测控制点进行精度评测。试验表明，以DEM作为控制可显著提高区域网平差的平面与高程精度，卫星影像绝对定位精度与DEM自身精度有关。当使用AW3D30作为控制时，可以取得与使用100个外业控制点平差同等精度，平面中误差为5.0 m （约1像素），高程中误差为2.9 m。试验结果证明了DEM替代外业控制点作为平差控制信息的有效性与可行性。

关键词: DEM, 卫星影像区域网平差, RFM通用成像模型, 卫星影像无控定位

Abstract: An algorithm is proposed in this study which directly uses digital elevation model (DEM) as full controls in block adjustment of satellite images, it is an application and extension of "cloud control" in photogrammetry. Different from the indirect geo-referencing method based on the registration of image-derived DSM or DEM with reference DEM, a DEM is considered as full geometric constraints and directly introduced into the block adjustment of satellite images based on the RFM model, by minimizing the squared sum of distances from tie points to the terrain surface described by DEM. By using DEM as exclusive control, the horizontal and vertical positioning accuracies of stereo satellite images can be upgraded without any ground control points (GCPs). A total of 330 stereo scenes of Chinese Mapping Satellite-1 images covering the whole area of Shandong Province are used for experimental tests, and three different open source DEM data of 1″ grid AW3D30, ASTER GDEM and 3″ grid SRTM GL3 are used as control data, respectively. The adjustment results are validated by using 100 well-distributed ground check points. Experiments show that the positioning accuracy is depended on the accuracy of DEM itself. While using AW3D30 as full controls, which is the most accurate one among the three global DEMs in experiments, the block adjustment accuracy of 4.9 m (about 1 pixel) in horizontal direction and 2.8 m in vertical direction can be achieved, respectively. Which is similar with the results of using 100 GCPs. It is proved that the effectiveness and feasibility of using DEM instead of ground control points as controls for block adjustment.

Key words: DEM, block adjustment, RFM sensor modelling, satellite imagery orientation without GCPs

中图分类号:

P237

曹辉, 陶鹏杰, 李海鸿, 张祖勋. DEM约束的卫星影像定位法[J]. 测绘学报, 2020, 49(1): 79-91.

CAO Hui, TAO Pengjie, LI Haihong, ZHANG Zuxun. Using DEM as full controls in block adjustment of satellite imagery[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2020, 49(1): 79-91.

参考文献

[1] 李德仁, 张过, 江万寿, 等. 缺少控制点的SPOT-5 HRS影像RPC模型区域网平差[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2006, 31(5):377-381. LI Deren, ZHANG Guo, JIANG Wanshou, et al. SPOT-5 HRS satellite imagery block adjustment without GCPS or with single GCP[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2006, 31(5):377-381.
[2] 张力, 张继贤, 陈向阳, 等. 基于有理多项式模型RFM的稀少控制SPOT-5卫星影像区域网平差[J]. 测绘学报, 2009, 38(4):302-310. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1595.2009.04.004. ZHANG Li, ZHANG Jixian, CEHN Xiangyang, et al. Block-adjustment with SPOT-5 imagery and sparse GCPs based on RFM[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2009, 38(4):302-310. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1595.2009.04.004.
[3] 龚健雅, 王密, 杨博. 高分辨率光学卫星遥感影像高精度无地面控制精确处理的理论与方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2017, 46(10):1255-1261. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20170307. GONG Jianya, WANG Mi, YANG Bo. High-precision geometric processing theory and method of high-resolution optical remote sensing satellite imagery without GCP[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2017, 46(10):1255-1261. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20170307.
[4] 杨博, 王密, 皮英冬. 仅用虚拟控制点的超大区域无控制区域网平差[J]. 测绘学报, 2017, 46(7):874-881. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20160588. YANG Bo, WANG Mi, PI Yingdong. Block-adjustment without GCPs for large-scale regions only based on the virtual control points[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2017, 46(7):874-881. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20160588.
[5] ZHANG Yongjun, ZHENG Maoteng, XIONG Xiaodong, et al. Multistrip bundle block adjustment of ZY-3 satellite imagery by rigorous sensor model without ground control point[J]. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2015, 12(4):865-869.
[6] 孙钰珊, 张力, 许彪, 等. 资源三号卫星影像无控制区域网平差[J]. 遥感学报, 2019, 23(2):205-214. SUN Yushan, ZHANG Li, XU Biao, et al. Method and GCP-independent block adjustment for ZY-3 satellite images[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 2019, 23(2):205-214.
[7] 张祖勋, 陶鹏杰. 谈大数据时代的"云控制"摄影测量[J]. 测绘学报, 2017, 46(10):1238-1248. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20170337. ZHANG Zuxun, TAO Pengjie. An overview on "cloud control" photogrammetry in big data era[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2017, 46(10):1238-1248. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20170337.
[8] 周平, 唐新明, 曹宁, 等. SRTM约束的无地面控制立体影像区域网平差[J]. 测绘学报, 2016, 45(11):1318-1327. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2016.20160219. ZHOU Ping, TANG Xinming, CAO Ning, et al. SRTM-aided stereo image block adjustment without ground control points[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2016, 45(11):1318-1327. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2016.20160219.
[9] ZHOU Ping, TANG Xinming, WANG Zhenming, et al. SRTM-assisted block adjustment for stereo pushbroom imagery[J]. The Photogrammetric Record, 2018, 33(161):49-65.
[10] LI Guoyuan, TANG Xinming, GAO Xiaoming, et al. ZY-3 block adjustment supported by GLAS laser altimetry data[J]. The Photogrammetric Record, 2016, 31(153):88-107.
[11] ZHANG Yongjun, WAN Yi, HUANG Xinhui, et al. DEM-assisted RFM block adjustment of pushbroom nadir viewing HRS imagery[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2016, 54(2):1025-1034.
[12] WANG Taoyang, ZHANG Guo, LI Deren, et al. Planar block adjustment and orthorectification of ZY-3 satellite images[J]. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 2014, 80(6):559-570.
[13] 王晋, 张勇, 张祖勋, 等. ICESat激光高程点辅助的天绘一号卫星影像立体区域网平差[J]. 测绘学报, 2018, 47(3):359-369. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2018.20170425. WANG Jin, ZHANG Yong, ZHANG Zuxun, et al. ICESat laser points assisted block adjustment for mapping satellite-1 stereo imagery[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2018, 47(3):359-369. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2018.20170425.
[14] ROSENHOLM D, TORLEGÅRD K. Three-dimensional absolute orientation of stereo models using digital elevation models[J]. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 1988, 54(10):1385-1389.
[15] GRUEN A, AKCA D. Least squares 3D surface and curve matching[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2005, 59(3):151-174.
[16] 张浩, 张过, 蒋永华, 等. 以SRTM-DEM为控制的光学卫星遥感立体影像正射纠正[J]. 测绘学报, 2016, 45(3):326-331. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2016.20150358. ZHANG Hao, ZHANG Guo, JIANG Yonghua, et al. A SRTM-DEM-controlled ortho-rectification method for optical satellite remote sensing stereo images[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2016, 45(3):326-331. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2016.20150358.
[17] 陈小卫, 张保明, 张同刚, 等. 公开DEM辅助无地面控制点国产卫星影像定位方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2016, 45(11):1361-1370. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2016.20160317. CHEN Xiaowei, ZHANG Baoming, ZHANG Tonggang, et al. Public DEM-assisted positioning method for chinese satellite imagery without ground control points[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2016, 45(11):1361-1370. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2016.20160317.
[18] 张同刚, 岑敏仪, 冯义从, 等. 采用截尾最小二乘估计的DEM匹配方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2009, 38(2):144-151. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1595.2009.02.009. ZHANG Tonggang, CEN Minyi, FENG Yicong, et al. DEM matching algorithm using least trimmed squares estimator[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2009, 38(2):144-151. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1595.2009.02.009.
[19] SCHNEIDER M, SURI S, LEHNER M, et al. Matching of high-resolution optical data to a shaded DEM[J]. International Journal of Image and Data Fusion, 2012, 3(2):111-127.
[20] KIM T, JEONG J. DEM matching for bias compensation of rigorous pushbroom sensor models[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2011, 66(5):692-699.
[21] GONÇALVES J A. Orientation and DEM extraction from ALOS-PRISM images using the SRTM-DEM as ground control[C]//Proceedings of the International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Beijing, 2008:1177-1182.
[22] 李海鸿, 曹辉, 施俊. 高分辨率光学卫星影像高精度定位技术与实践[J]. 地理空间信息, 2018, 16(5):1-8. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-4623.2018.05.001. LI Haihong, CAO Hui, SHI Jun. High-precision orientation algorithms of high-resolution satellite imagery[J]. Geospatial Information, 2018, 16(5):1-8. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-4623.2018.05.001.
[23] BESL P J, MCKAY N D. A method for registration of 3-D shapes[J]. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 1992, 14(2):239-256.
[24] GRODECKI J, DIAL G. Block adjustment of high-resolution satellite images described by rational polynomials[J]. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 2003, 69(1):59-68.
[25] POLI D, TOUTIN T. Review of developments in geometric modelling for high resolution satellite pushbroom sensors[J]. The Photogrammetric Record, 2012, 27(137):58-73.
[26] 王任享, 胡莘, 王建荣. 天绘一号无地面控制点摄影测量[J]. 测绘学报, 2013, 42(1):1-5. WANG Renxiang, HU Xin, WANG Jianrong, Photogrammetry of mapping satellite-1 without ground control points[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2013, 42(1):1-5.
[27] HU Zhihua, PENG Jianwei, HOU Yaolin, et al. Evaluation of recently released open global digital elevation models of Hubei, China[J]. Remote Sensing, 2017, 9(3):262.
[28] TAO Pengjie, LU Luping, ZHANG Yong, et al. On-orbit geometric calibration of the panchromatic/multispectral camera of the ZY-102C satellite based on public geographic data[J]. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 2014, 80(6):505-517.