从要素到场景：场景构造的基本概念、框架与应用

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2025.20240237

测绘学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (6): 1122-1138.doi: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2025.20240237

从要素到场景：场景构造的基本概念、框架与应用

张琛¹^,²^,³(), 贺彪¹^,²^,³(), 王伟玺¹^,²^,³, 马丁¹^,²^,³, 蒯希¹^,²^,³, 郭仁忠¹^,²^,³

^1.深圳大学建筑与城市规划学院智慧城市研究院，广东　深圳　518060
^2.深圳市城市数字孪生技术重点实验室，广东　深圳　518060
^3.亚热带建筑与城市科学全国重点实验室，广东　深圳　518060

收稿日期:2024-06-09 修回日期:2025-05-08 出版日期:2025-07-14 发布日期:2025-07-14
通讯作者: 贺彪 E-mail:czhang@szu.edu.cn;hebiao@szu.edu.cn
作者简介:张琛（1997—），男，博士后，研究方向为真实感三维场景建模。E-mail：czhang@szu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42401509);国家资助博士后研究人员计划(GZB20240459)

From component to scene: basic concept, framework and application of scene construction

Chen ZHANG¹^,²^,³(), Biao HE¹^,²^,³(), Weixi WANG¹^,²^,³, Ding MA¹^,²^,³, Xi KUAI¹^,²^,³, Renzhong GUO¹^,²^,³

^1.Research Institute for Smart Cities, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
^2.Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Digital Twin Technologies for Cities, Shenzhen 518060, China
^3.State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science, Shenzhen 518060, China

Received:2024-06-09 Revised:2025-05-08 Online:2025-07-14 Published:2025-07-14
Contact: Biao HE E-mail:czhang@szu.edu.cn;hebiao@szu.edu.cn
About author:ZHANG Chen (1997—), male, postdoctor, majors in photorealistic 3D scene modeling. E-mail: czhang@szu.edu.cn
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(42401509);The Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under Grant Number(GZB20240459)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

数字孪生技术加速了互联网中三维数据的产生与积累，其中一个显著变化是三维建模更加追求身临其境的沉浸感。然而，城市场景建模颇具挑战性：从建筑道路到花草树木，数字孪生要求全要素虚实映射，各类物理实体在孪生空间中都需有对应的数字虚体，不同的场景类型和多样的要素对象为建模流程带来了诸多问题。本文提出场景构造方法，旨为满足城市场景建模在真实感、可控性和数据量3个方面的需求。首先，回顾了数字孪生和实景三维的相关概念，引申出场景构造方法的构成。然后，基于还原论哲学思想阐释了场景构造的方法理念，建立了“解构-表征-重组”三步法的构造式建模框架，以城市中道路、地板、草地为建模对象开展应用案例分析，论证场景构造方法的可行性与有效性。最后，从地图制图视角思考场景构造方法的理论研究意义，梳理了后续研究拟解决的关键问题。

关键词: 场景构造, 还原论, 照片级真实感, 数字孪生, 城市场景建模

Abstract:

The concept of “digital twin” has gained considerable momentum in the past, primarily reflecting the increased production and accumulation of 3D data on the internet. This trend has led to new challenges in mirroring the physical world into the virtual one, as a high level of immersion is a prerequisite. However, the 3D modeling of urban scenes poses significant challenges because it demands a comprehensive mapping of all geographical entities including buildings, roads, vegetation, grasslands and many others. The diversity and complexity of urban scenes make it difficult to develop a universal 3D modeling method for each entity. This paper aims to outline a conceptual framework named “scene construction” for three requirements, i.e., realism, controllability, and volume of modelling. Firstly, we review the connotation of digital twin city and 3D real scene to derive a general introduction of scene construction. Then, we discuss the core concept of scene construction method based on reductionism. The method is detailed through a three-part framework of “deconstruction-representation-combination”. Furthermore, we present case studies on three typical urban objects: roads, ground, and grasslands. These case studies highlight the advantages of the proposed method in terms of realism, controllability, and volume. Finally, we contemplate the theoretical significance of the scene construction method from the perspective of cartography and list the key points in the subsequent research.

Key words: scene construction, reductionism, photorealism, digital twin, urban scene modelling

中图分类号:

P231

张琛, 贺彪, 王伟玺, 马丁, 蒯希, 郭仁忠. 从要素到场景：场景构造的基本概念、框架与应用[J]. 测绘学报, 2025, 54(6): 1122-1138.

Chen ZHANG, Biao HE, Weixi WANG, Ding MA, Xi KUAI, Renzhong GUO. From component to scene: basic concept, framework and application of scene construction[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2025, 54(6): 1122-1138.

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类型	实现原理	模型或方法
文法规则类	将建模对象形式化或结构化为文法规则	L-System、Wang-Tiles
数学模型类	基于先验知识建立建模对象的数学模型	Voronoi图、Perlin噪声
物理仿真类	基于物理现象设置参数描述建模对象	Erosion算法、粒子系统
计算几何类	使用逻辑运算符组合简单对象为复杂对象	构造实体几何
智能优化类	引入约束优化或人工智能求解建模问题	Agent-based models

ID	范围	初始模型个数	初始模型数据量/MB	参数文件大小/KB	实例化模型个数	三角形个数	实例化模型数据量/MB	生成时间/ms
1	1×1			28	610	212 572	189	60
2	2×2			110	2362	822 460	732	92
3	4×4	4	0.31	421	8990	3 109 020	2786	230
4	8×8			1680	35 842	12 395 202	11 111	520
5	16×16			6624	141 328	48 809 250	43 811	2620

从要素到场景：场景构造的基本概念、框架与应用

From component to scene: basic concept, framework and application of scene construction

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要素类型	文献	类型		年份	数据类型		几何建模	纹理建模
要素类型	文献	方法类	应用类	年份	倾斜影像	激光点云	几何建模	纹理建模
地形	[12]	*		2018	*		*	*
	[13]	*		2018		*	*
	[14]		*	2018	*		*	*
	[15]		*	2019	*		*
	[16]		*	2019		*	*
	[17]		*	2020	*		*
	[18]		*	2022	*		*	*
道路	[19]		*	2019	*	*	*	*
	[20]	*		2019	*	*	*	*
	[21]		*	2020		*	*	*
	[22]	*		2020	*	*	*	*
植被	[23]	*		2015		*	*	*
	[24]		*	2016		*	*	*
	[25]		*	2018	*		*	*
	[26]	*		2018	*	*	*	*
水系	[27]		*	2022	*		*	*
水系	[28]	*		2023	*		*	*
建筑	[29]		*	2017	*		*
	[30]		*	2018	*		*
	[31]	*		2020	*			*
	[32]	*		2020	*		*	*
	[33]	*		2020	*		*
其他	[34]		*	2019	*	*	*	*
其他	[35]	*		2021		*	*	*

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[2]	杨元喜. 地理空间数字孪生与时空智能[J]. 测绘学报, 2025, 54(2): 213-220.
[3]	朱庆, 张利国, 丁雨淋, 胡翰, 葛旭明, 刘铭崴, 王玮. 从实景三维建模到数字孪生建模[J]. 测绘学报, 2022, 51(6): 1040-1049.
[4]	郑束蕾. 地理空间认知理论与地图工具的发展[J]. 测绘学报, 2021, 50(6): 766-776.