不同地磁活跃程度及电离层高阶改正对PPP影响分析

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2026.20250327

测绘学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (7): 1254-1265.doi: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2026.20250327

• 大地测量学与导航 • 上一篇

不同地磁活跃程度及电离层高阶改正对PPP影响分析

马万军¹^,²^,³(), 周星¹^,²(), 李振宇¹^,³, 王立阳¹^,², 赵亮¹^,², 肖恭伟⁴, 刘根友⁵

^1.甘肃省测绘工程院，甘肃　兰州　730000
^2.北斗应用与基准服务甘肃分中心，甘肃　兰州　730000
^3.甘肃省应急测绘工程研究中心，甘肃　兰州　730000
^4.西安邮电大学，陕西　西安　710121
^5.中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院，湖北　武汉　430077

收稿日期:2025-08-14 修回日期:2026-05-18 发布日期:2026-08-18
通讯作者: 周星 E-mail:mawanjun18@mails.ucas.ac.cn;37547452@qq.com
作者简介:马万军（1994—），男，硕士，工程师，研究方向为卫星导航定位与大地测量数据处理。 E-mail：mawanjun18@mails.ucas.ac.cn
基金资助:
2024年度自然资源部部省合作项目(2024ZRBSHZ169);2025年度甘肃省联合科研基金项目(2SJRRA1104);甘肃省科技计划（重点研发计划）(24YFFA054);国家自然科学基金(42404042);2026年甘肃省青年人才团队项目(2026QNTD037);甘肃省陇原青年英才资金资助

Analysis of the impact of different geomagnetic activity levels and high-order ionospheric corrections on PPP

Wanjun Ma¹^,²^,³(), Xing Zhou¹^,²(), Zhenyu Li¹^,³, Liyang Wang¹^,², Liang Zhao¹^,², Gongwei Xiao⁴, Genyou Liu⁵

^1.Academy of Surveying and Mapping Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
^2.BeiDou Application and Datum Service Gansu Branch, Lanzhou 730000, China
^3.Emergency Mapping Engineering Research Center of Gansu, Lanzhou 730000, China
^4.Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
^5.Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China

Received:2025-08-14 Revised:2026-05-18 Published:2026-08-18
Contact: Xing Zhou E-mail:mawanjun18@mails.ucas.ac.cn;37547452@qq.com
About author:Ma Wanjun (1994—), male, master, engineer, majors in satellite navigation and positioning and geodetic data processing. E-mail: mawanjun18@mails.ucas.ac.cn
Supported by:
2024 Ministry of Natural Resources Department-Province Cooperation Project(2024ZRBSHZ169);2025 Gansu Province Joint Research Fund Project(2SJRRA1104);Gansu Province Science and Technology Plan (Key Research and Development Program)(24YFFA054);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(42404042);2026 Gansu Province Youth Talent Team Project(2026QNTD037);Gansu Province Longyuan Youth Talent Fund Support

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

电离层延迟是导航定位中最大的误差源之一，尤其在太阳耀斑爆发和地磁暴活跃期间对BDS/GNSS导航定位带来严重的影响。为进一步评估不同地磁暴活跃强度下电离层时空扰动特征对PPP定位性能的影响，本文选取甘肃省境内均匀布设的20座GNSS基准站观测数据，划分强地磁暴、中等地磁暴、弱地磁暴及地磁平稳期4类场景，对比分析各地磁活动强度下观测数据质量与定位精度差异；基于全球电离层格网（GIM）产品，探究电离层高阶改正与日间电离层扰动机理对定位结果的影响。试验结果表明，强地磁暴下观测异常数据明显，且BDS异常数据数量低于GPS；各频点多路径误差方面，L2的误差最大，其次分别为B3I、L5、L1、B1C，重叠频率中B1C抗多路径误差表现最优；高阶电离层改正后在N和U方向改正明显，且改正之后定位结果出现约2 mm的南移，并随纬度增加南移变小，且GIM产品对BDS改正效果不明显；此外，日电离层活跃分析表明，电离层异常干扰对定位可能带来厘米级误差，该误差随海拔增高而增大。

关键词: BDS, 电离层延迟, 地磁暴分析, 精密单点定位

Abstract:

Ionospheric delay is one of the largest sources of error in navigation and positioning, especially during solar flares and geomagnetic storms, which have a serious impact on BDS/GNSS navigation and positioning. To further evaluate the impact of ionospheric spatiotemporal disturbance characteristics on PPP positioning performance under different geomagnetic storm intensities, this paper selects observation data from 20 evenly distributed GNSS reference stations in Gansu province, and divides them into four scenarios: strong geomagnetic storms, moderate geomagnetic storms, weak geomagnetic storms, and geomagnetic calm periods. The differences in observation data quality and positioning accuracy under different magnetic activity intensities are compared and analyzed; and based on the global ionospheric grid (GIM) product, investigate the effects of high-order corrections in the ionosphere and daytime ionospheric disturbances on the positioning results. The experimental results show that there are significant abnormal data observed under strong geomagnetic storms, and the number of BDS abnormal data is lower than that of GPS；in terms of multipath error at each frequency point, L2 frequency point has the highest error, followed by B3I, L5, L1, and B1C. Among the overlapping frequencies, BeiDou B1C has the best resistance to multipath error；after high-order ionospheric correction, there is a significant correction in the N and U directions, and the positioning result shows a southward shift of about 2 mm after correction, which decreases with increasing latitude. Moreover, the GIM product has no significant effect on BDS correction；in addition, analysis of daily ionospheric activity indicates that abnormal ionospheric interference may cause centimeter level errors in positioning, which increase with altitude.

Key words: BDS, ionospheric delay, geomagnetic storm analysis, precise point position

中图分类号:

P228

马万军, 周星, 李振宇, 王立阳, 赵亮, 肖恭伟, 刘根友. 不同地磁活跃程度及电离层高阶改正对PPP影响分析[J]. 测绘学报, 2026, 55(7): 1254-1265.

Wanjun Ma, Xing Zhou, Zhenyu Li, Liyang Wang, Liang Zhao, Gongwei Xiao, Genyou Liu. Analysis of the impact of different geomagnetic activity levels and high-order ionospheric corrections on PPP[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2026, 55(7): 1254-1265.

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链接本文: http://xb.chinasmp.com/CN/10.11947/j.AGCS.2026.20250327

http://xb.chinasmp.com/CN/Y2026/V55/I7/1254

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误差模型	处理策略
观测模型	双频消电离层组合
卫星轨道和钟差	WUM（武汉大学）产品
截止高度角	10°
观测值权	P=sin²e/σ²（σ²是伪距或载波的方差）
接收机和系统间偏差	白噪声估计
卫星、接收机天线改正	igs20.atx PCO：转换到距离，PCV：双线性插值
相位缠绕模型	卫星天线相位缠绕改正
对流层天顶湿延迟	随机游走估计
电离层产品	全球电离层格网产品（GIM）
模糊度参数	浮点模糊度

地磁活跃强度	卫星星座	最大值	平均值	总平均值
强地磁暴（DOY001）	GPS	908	385.7	370.2
强地磁暴（DOY001）	BDS-3	984	354.8	370.2
中等地磁暴（DOY106）	GPS	480	326.4	295.5
中等地磁暴（DOY106）	BDS-3	725	264.7	295.5
弱地磁暴（DOY067）	GPS	402	309.6	282.6
弱地磁暴（DOY067）	BDS-3	754	255.7	282.6
地磁平稳期（DOY149）	GPS	832	313.8	308.5
地磁平稳期（DOY149）	BDS-3	729	303.3	308.5

地磁活跃强度	GPS			BDS-3
地磁活跃强度	L1	L2	L5	B1C	B3I
强地磁暴（DOY001）	17.3	23.6	19.2	15.4	20.2
中等地磁暴（DOY106）	15.9	21.3	16.9	15.3	19.9
弱地磁暴（DOY067）	16.4	21.7	16.9	15.2	20.2
地磁平稳期（DOY149）	15.4	19.8	16.2	15.2	20.1

地磁活跃强度	统计值	GNSS			GPS			BDS-3
地磁活跃强度	统计值	N方向	E方向	U方向	N方向	E方向	U方向	N方向	E方向	U方向
强地磁暴	最大值	4.5	－17.2	－19.0	－4.4	－16.1	－10.3	－4.3	－18.4	－16.4
强地磁暴	平均值	0.3	－12.6	－9.0	－0.8	－11.8	－2.4	－0.8	－12.8	－6.4
中等地磁暴	最大值	3.2	－9.0	－5.1	－7.9	－5.2	16.2	－3.7	－11.9	35.5
中等地磁暴	平均值	0.3	－4.7	1.6	－1.0	－3.2	5.0	－0.7	－5.5	7.2
弱地磁暴	最大值	－7.0	－10.9	－13.6	－8.4	－7.9	－8.1	－9.7	－11.9	－12.0
弱地磁暴	平均值	－3.5	－6.7	－6.2	－3.4	－5.5	0.8	－6.3	－6.6	－1.2

不同地磁活跃程度及电离层高阶改正对PPP影响分析

Analysis of the impact of different geomagnetic activity levels and high-order ionospheric corrections on PPP

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