水边线约束的岛礁立体像对与星载激光测高点联合平差

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2026.20260057

测绘学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (6): 1072-1086.doi: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2026.20260057

• 海洋测绘 • 上一篇

水边线约束的岛礁立体像对与星载激光测高点联合平差

徐磊¹(), 董志鹏²^,³^,⁴(), 刘焱雄²^,³, 冯义楷²^,³, 陈义兰²^,³, 徐文学²^,³

^1.南京大学地理与海洋科学学院，江苏　南京　210023
^2.自然资源部第一海洋研究所，山东　青岛　266061
^3.自然资源部海洋测绘重点实验室，山东　青岛　266059
^4.空间基准全国重点实验室，陕西　西安　710054

收稿日期:2026-02-04 修回日期:2026-06-02 发布日期:2026-07-28
通讯作者: 董志鹏 E-mail:xulei151137@163.com;zhipengdong@fio.org.cn
作者简介:徐磊（2001—），男，硕士生，研究方向为岛屿地形三维重建。E-mail：xulei151137@163.com
基金资助:
山东省自然科学基金(ZR2025MS651; ZR2023QD113);国家自然科学基金(42404056);空间基准全国重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLSD2026-KF-08)

Joint adjustment for island stereo image pairs and satellite-based laser altimetry points based on waterline constraints

Lei XU¹(), Zhipeng DONG²^,³^,⁴(), Yanxiong LIU²^,³, Yikai FENG²^,³, Yilan CHEN²^,³, Wenxue XU²^,³

^1.School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
^2.First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
^3.Key Laboratory of Marine Surveying and Mapping, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266059, China
^4.State Key Laboratory of Spatial Datum, Xi’an 710054, China

Received:2026-02-04 Revised:2026-06-02 Published:2026-07-28
Contact: Zhipeng DONG E-mail:xulei151137@163.com;zhipengdong@fio.org.cn
About author:XU Lei (2001—), male, postgraduate, majors in 3D terrain reconstruction of islands and reefs. E-mail: xulei151137@163.com
Supported by:
Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2025MS651; ZR2023QD113);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(42404056);Open Fund Project of the State Key Laboratory of Spatial Datum(SKLSD2026-KF-08)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

提升立体测图卫星影像无控条件下的平差精度，是获取境外或难以到达区域（如偏远岛屿）地理信息的关键步骤。针对部分岛屿远离大陆、面积较小，星载激光数据量有限难以进行均匀控制的问题，本文提出一种基于水边线约束的岛礁立体像对与星载激光测高点联合平差方法。首先，基于岛礁周围水边线高程一致的特性，经过影像水边线矢量化处理获得水边线空间位置坐标；然后，基于ALOS全球30 m数字高程模型高程约束对ICESat-2 ATL03数据进行精化处理；最后，结合影像水边线点，将ATL03激光光子数据与立体像对进行联合平差实现区域网影像高程精度提升。利用蜈支洲岛与甘泉岛两个研究区的多组资源三号与高分七号立体像对开展联合平差试验，结果显示蜈支洲岛的平均高程中误差由4.07 m降至1.54 m，甘泉岛的平均高程中误差由7.06 m降至0.91 m，精度分别提升62%与87%，表明本文方法可获得理想的星载激光与岛礁立体像对平差结果，特别是对地形平坦岛屿的提升效果更为显著。

关键词: 立体像对, ICESat-2, 水边线, 联合平差, 岛屿定位

Abstract:

Improving the adjustment accuracy of stereo mapping satellite imagery under uncontrolled conditions is a critical step for acquiring geographic information from overseas or hard-to-reach areas (such as remote islands). Addressing the challenge of limited satellite laser data volume for uniform control on small islands far from the mainland, this study proposes a joint adjustment method for island stereo image pairs and satellite-based laser altimetry points based on shoreline constraints. First, by leveraging the consistent elevation characteristics of waterlines surrounding islands and reefs, spatial coordinates are obtained through vectorization of image waterlines. Second, elevation constraints from the ALOS World 3D-30 m (AW3D30 DEM) are applied to refine the ICESat-2 ATL03 data. Finally, joint adjustment is performed by integrating image waterline points, ATL03 laser photon data, and stereo image pairs to improve the elevation accuracy of the regional network imagery. Joint adjustment experiments were conducted using multiple stereo image pairs from Wuzhizhou Island and Ganquan Island captured by ZY-3 and GF-7 satellites. Results showed that the root mean square error (RMSE) of elevation measurements for Wuzhizhou Island decreased from an average of 4.07 m to 1.54 m, while Ganquan Island's RMSE decreased from 7.06 m to 0.91 m. These improvements represent accuracy gains of 62% and 87%, respectively, demonstrating that this method can achieve ideal joint adjustment results between satellite-borne laser data and island stereo image pairs, with a particularly pronounced enhancement effect for islands with flat topography.

Key words: stereo image pairs, ICESat-2, waterline, joint adjustment, island positioning

中图分类号:

P229

徐磊, 董志鹏, 刘焱雄, 冯义楷, 陈义兰, 徐文学. 水边线约束的岛礁立体像对与星载激光测高点联合平差[J]. 测绘学报, 2026, 55(6): 1072-1086.

Lei XU, Zhipeng DONG, Yanxiong LIU, Yikai FENG, Yilan CHEN, Wenxue XU. Joint adjustment for island stereo image pairs and satellite-based laser altimetry points based on waterline constraints[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2026, 55(6): 1072-1086.

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链接本文: http://xb.chinasmp.com/CN/10.11947/j.AGCS.2026.20260057

http://xb.chinasmp.com/CN/Y2026/V55/I6/1072

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影像区域	影像名称	获取时间	经度范围	纬度范围	影像分辨率
蜈支洲岛	GF701_012155_E109.7_N18.3_20220106113920（GF7_wzz_012155）	2022-01-06	109.61°E—109.88°E	18.22°N—18.49°N	0.65 m（后视）、0.8 m（前视）
	GF701_016796_E109.8_N18.3_20221107113436（GF7_wzz_016796）	2022-11-07	109.68°E—109.95°E	18.22°N—18.49°N	0.65 m（后视）、0.8 m（前视）
	zy302a_034208_005179_20220728105844（ZY3_wzz_034208）	2022-07-28	109.61°E—110.17°E	18.08°N—18.62°N	2.5 m
	zy303a_017668_004179_20230930113400（ZY3_wzz_017668）	2023-09-30	109.71°E—110.26°E	18.08°N—18.61°N	2.5 m
甘泉岛	zy302a_044380_896184_20240527111621（ZY3_gq_044380）	2024-05-27	111.35°E—111.91°E	16.09°N—16.67°N	2.5 m
甘泉岛	zy303a_021712_896184_20240622112006（ZY3_gq_021712）	2024-06-22	111.36°E—111.93°E	16.08°N—16.66°N	2.5 m

岛屿	ATL03数据名称	数据获取时间	空间范围	筛选后有效光子数
蜈支洲岛	ATL03_20240324211756_00952307_007_01.h5	2024-03-24 21：17	18°18′30″N—18°18′57″N	164
甘泉岛	ATL03_20250409145221_03622701_007_01.h5	2025-04-09 14：52	16°30′08″N—16°30′28″N	354
甘泉岛	ATL03_20240411081319_03622301_007_01.h5	2024-04-11 08：13	16°30′07″N—16°30′31″N	204

影像编号	平差方式	检查点个数	平面精度/m		高程精度/m
影像编号	平差方式	检查点个数	平面中误差	平面最大误差	中误差	平均误差	最大误差
GF7_wzz_012155	方案①	9	7.89	8.49	7.01	－6.96	－8.90
	方案②		7.95	8.61	5.31	－5.23	－7.17
	方案③		7.83	8.54	1.94	1.73	3.13
	方案④		7.81	8.68	1.76	1.34	3.57
GF7_wzz_016796	方案①	9	5.45	7.52	1.64	1.61	1.97
	方案②		5.45	7.52	1.59	1.57	1.92
	方案③		5.45	7.34	0.83	0.63	1.42
	方案④		5.45	7.49	0.79	0.73	1.26

影像编号	平差方式	检查点个数	平面精度/m		高程精度/m
影像编号	平差方式	检查点个数	平面中误差	平面最大误差	中误差	平均误差	最大误差
ZY3_wzz_034208	方案①	7	7.88	10.15	4.60	4.56	5.48
	方案②		7.88	10.14	4.46	4.43	5.34
	方案③		7.88	10.14	2.39	2.30	3.36
	方案④		7.88	10.14	2.14	2.07	3.01
ZY3_wzz_017668	方案①	6	14.21	16.42	3.04	2.97	4.13
	方案②		14.21	16.42	2.88	2.76	4.08
	方案③		14.21	16.43	1.62	1.49	2.70
	方案④		14.21	16.43	1.46	1.27	2.62

影像编号	平差方式	检查点个数	平面精度/m		高程精度/m
影像编号	平差方式	检查点个数	平面中误差	平面最大误差	中误差	平均误差	最大误差
ZY3_gq_044380	方案①	8	8.40	9.87	8.07	－8.04	－9.16
	方案②		8.47	9.94	6.66	－6.59	－7.95
	方案③		8.40	9.88	1.84	1.71	2.79
	方案④		8.33	10.22	0.69	－0.05	0.75
ZY3_gq_021712	方案①	8	6.06	8.91	6.05	－5.96	－7.28
	方案②		6.05	8.90	5.19	－4.94	－7.32
	方案③		6.06	8.91	1.14	－0.39	－1.73
	方案④		6.05	8.92	1.12	－0.32	－1.66

水边线约束的岛礁立体像对与星载激光测高点联合平差

Joint adjustment for island stereo image pairs and satellite-based laser altimetry points based on waterline constraints

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参考文献 25

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影像编号	高程精度
影像编号	全局	第一象限	第二象限	第三象限	第四象限
GF7_wzz_012155	1.94	2.86	3.08	3.14	2.57
ZY3_wzz_017668	1.62	2.62	1.82	1.91	2.14
ZY3_gq_021712	1.14	1.36	1.09	1.15	1.24

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