顾及运动状态改正的GNSS滑坡监测基准站切换方法

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2022.20220295

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 实时相对定位技术已广泛应用于高精度实时滑坡监测,其高精度定位依赖于连续稳定的基准站数据。然而基准站数据由于供电、通信等原因时常发生中断,严重影响滑坡监测结果的连续性和可靠性。本文提出顾及运动状态改正的GNSS滑坡监测基准站切换方法,首先根据待切换新基准站长期监测时间序列确定其运动状态,然后基于滑坡体变形演化规律,结合运动状态建立新基准站位移模型并定期对模型检核,最后根据新基准位移对各监测点位移进行修正。该方法成功应用于甘肃黑方台滑坡监测基准站切换,且改正后各监测站位移与真实变形接近。以改进型切线角作为滑坡预警判据,使用改正前后的监测位移-时间序列进行预警,预警结果表明,不进行改正可能导致预警的误判。本文方法针对基准站数据中断问题,通过切换新基准并对基准误差进行修正以获取连续可靠的滑坡监测序列,保障了滑坡监测的连续性和预警的及时性。

关键词: 滑坡监测, GNSS, 基准站, 监测基准, 变形分析

Abstract: GNSS relative positioning technology is widely used in high-precision real-time landslide monitoring, and this high-precision positioning relies on continuous and stable reference station data. However, the data of the reference station is often interrupted due to reasons such as power supply and communication, which seriously affects the continuity and reliability of the landslide monitoring results. This paper proposed a switching method of GNSS landslide monitoring reference station considering the correction of the motion state. First, the motion status is determined according to the long-term monitoring time sequence of the new reference station. Then, a displacement model is established based on the landslide deformation evolution law and motion state, and the model is checked regularly. Finally, the displacement of each monitoring point is corrected based on the actual displacement of the new reference. This method was successfully applied to the switching of the reference station of Heifangtai landslide monitoring in Gansu. After correction, the displacement of each monitoring station was close to the real deformation. The improved tangent angle was calculated as the landslide warning criterion, and the monitoring displacement sequences before and after the correction were used for warning. If no corrections are made, it may lead to a misjudgment of the early warning. Aiming at the problem of data interruption in the reference station, this method obtains a continuous and reliable landslide monitoring sequence by switching a new reference and correcting errors, ensuring the continuity of monitoring and the timeliness of early warning.

Key words: landslide monitoring, GNSS, reference station, monitoring datum, deformation analysis

中图分类号:

P227

王铎, 黄观文, 杜源, 白正伟, 陈孜, 李杨. 顾及运动状态改正的GNSS滑坡监测基准站切换方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2022, 51(10): 2117-2124.

WANG Duo, HUANG Guanwen, DU Yuan, BAI Zhengwei, CHEN Zi, LI Yang. Switching method of GNSS landslide monitoring reference station considering the correction of motion state[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2022, 51(10): 2117-2124.

参考文献

[1] 文海家, 张永兴, 柳源. 滑坡预报国内外研究动态及发展趋势[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报, 2004, 15(1): 1-4, 16. WEN Haijia, ZHANG Yongxing, LIU Yuan. A home and abroad investigative-tendency of landslide forecast[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2004,15(1):1-4,16.
[2] LIU Guang, ZBIGNIEW P, STEFANO S, et al. Land surface displacement geohazards monitoring using multi-temporal InSAR techniques[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science, 2021, 4(1): 77-87.
[3] 王桂杰, 谢谟文, 邱骋, 等. D-INSAR技术在大范围滑坡监测中的应用[J]. 岩土力学, 2010, 31(4): 1337-1344. WANG Guijie, XIE Mowen, QIU Cheng, et al. Application of D-INSAR technique to landslide monitoring[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2010, 31(4): 1337-1344.
[4] TOMÁS R, LI Zhenhong. Earth observations for geohazards: present and future challenges[J]. Remote Sensing, 2017, 9(3): 194-204.
[5] YANG Yuanxi, GAO Weiguang, GUO Shuren, et al. Introduction to BeiDou-3 navigation satellite system[J]. Journal of the Institute of Navigation, 2019, 66(1): 7-18.
[6] 王潜心, 徐天河, 许国昌. 自适应换站算法及其在长距离机载GPS动态相对定位中的应用[J]. 测绘学报, 2011, 40(4): 429-434. WANG Qianxin, XU Tianhe, XU Guochang. Adaptively changing reference station algorithm and its application in GPS long range airborne kinematic relative positioning[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2011, 40(4): 429-434.
[7] DU Yuan, HUANG Guanwen, ZHANG Qin, et al. Asynchronous RTK method for detecting the stability of the reference station in GNSS deformation monitoring[J]. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2020, 20(5): 1320.
[8] BAO Yan, GUO Wen, WANG Guoquan, et al. Millimeter-accuracy structural deformation monitoring using stand-alone GPS: case study in Beijing, China[J]. Journal of Surveying Engineering,2018,144(1):05017007.
[9] 王阅兵, 甘卫军, 陈为涛, 等. 北斗导航系统精密单点定位在地壳运动监测中的应用分析[J]. 测绘学报, 2018, 47(1): 48-56. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2018.20170147. WANG Yuebing, GAN Weijun, CHEN Weitao, et al. The analysis of precise point positioning of BeiDou navigation satellite system application in crustal motion monitoring[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2018, 47(1): 48-56. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2018.20170147.
[10] WANG Guoquan, KEARNS T J, YU Jiangbo, et al. A stable reference frame for landslide monitoring using GPS in the Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands region[J]. Landslides, 2014, 11(1): 119-129.
[11] 卞和方,张书毕,张秋昭,等.基于IGS跟踪站的大面积矿区GNSS变形监测[J].中国有色金属学报,2014,24(2):514-519. BIAN Hefang, ZHANG Shubi, ZHANG Qiuzhao, et al. Monitoring large-area mining subsidence by GNSS based on IGS stations[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2014, 24(2): 514-519.
[12] 姜晨光, 石伟南, 巩亮生, 等. 大坝变形GPS双基站自动监测系统设计与应用[J]. 大坝与安全, 2011(3): 29-32. JIANG Chenguang, SHI Weinan, GONG Liangsheng, et al. Design and application of dam deformation automatic monitoring system based on double basis stations GPS technique[J]. Dam & Safety, 2011(3): 29-32.
[13] WANG Guoquan, LIU Hanlin, MATTIOLI G, et al. CARIB18: a stable geodetic reference frame for geological hazard monitoring in the Caribbean region[J]. Remote Sensing, 2019, 11(6): 680.
[14] 黄立人, 马青. 参考框架的一致性及其对形变分析的影响[J]. 地壳形变与地震, 2001, 21(2): 31-36. HUANG Liren, MA Qing. Consistency of reference frame and its influence on deformation analysis[J]. Crustal Deformation and Earthquake, 2001, 21(2): 31-36.
[15] 陈鑫连. 动态大地测量[M]. 北京: 中国铁道出版社, 1994. CHEN Xinlian. Dynamic geodesy[M]. Beijing: China Railway Publishing House, 1994.
[16] 杨元喜, 张丽萍. 坐标基准维持与动态监测网数据处理[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2007, 32(11): 967-971. YANG Yuanxi, ZHANG Liping. Maintenance of coordinate datum and data processing of dynamic monitoring network[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2007, 32(11): 967-971.
[17] 罗力. 三峡库区滑坡监测GPS统测构网研究及应用[D]. 武汉: 武汉大学, 2013. LUO Li. The study of the landslide monitoring network reconstruction within unified datum in the Three Gorges Reservoir area and its application[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University, 2013.
[18] 刘鸿飞, 肖玉钢, 邓连生, 等. GPS变形监测系统中基准站长期稳定性分析[J]. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2013, 33(1): 113-116, 122. LIU Hongfei, XIAO Yugang, DENG Liansheng, et al. Analysis of long-term stability of reference stations in GPS deformation monitoring system[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2013, 33(1): 113-116, 122.
[19] 许强, 汤明高, 徐开祥, 等. 滑坡时空演化规律及预警预报研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2008, 27(6): 1104-1112. XU Qiang, TANG Minggao, XU Kaixiang, et al. Research on space-time evolution laws and early warning-prediction of landslides[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2008, 27(6): 1104-1112.
[20] 王利, 张勤, 黄观文, 等. GPS PPP技术用于滑坡监测的试验与结果分析[J]. 岩土力学, 2014, 35(7): 2118-2124. WANG Li, ZHANG Qin, HUANG Guanwen, et al.Experiment results and analysis of landslide monitoring by using GPS PPP technology[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2014, 35(7): 2118-2124.
[21] KONG Jiaxu, ZHUANG Jianqi, ZHAN Jiewei, et al. A landslide in Heifangtai, northwest of the Chinese Loess Plateau: triggered factors, movement characteristics, and failure mechanism[J]. Landslides, 2021, 18(10): 3407-3419.
[22] 黄观文, 黄观武, 杜源, 等. 一种基于北斗云的低成本滑坡实时监测系统[J]. 工程地质学报, 2018, 26(4): 1008-1016. HUANG Guanwen, HUANG Guanwu, DU Yuan, et al. A lowcost real-time monitoring system for landslide deformaion with BeiDou cloud[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2018, 26(4): 1008-1016.
[23] 白正伟, 张勤, 黄观文, 等. “轻终端+行业云”的实时北斗滑坡监测技术[J]. 测绘学报, 2019, 48(11): 1424-1429. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2019.20190167. BAI Zhengwei, ZHANG Qin, HUANG Guanwen, et al. Real-time BeiDou landslide monitoring technology of “light terminal plus industry cloud”[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2019, 48(11): 1424-1429.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2019.20190167.
[24] 许强, 曾裕平, 钱江澎, 等. 一种改进的切线角及对应的滑坡预警判据[J]. 地质通报, 2009, 28(4): 501-505. XU Qiang, ZENG Yuping, QIAN Jiangpeng, et al. Study on a improved tangential angle and the corresponding landslide pre-warning criteria[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2009, 28(4): 501-505.
[25] 许强, 彭大雷, 何朝阳, 等. 突发型黄土滑坡监测预警理论方法研究: 以甘肃黑方台为例[J]. 工程地质学报, 2020, 28(1): 111-121. XU Qiang, PENG Dalei, HE Chaoyang, et al. Theory and method of monitoring and early warning for sudden loess landslide: a case study at Heifangtai Terrace[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2020, 28(1): 111-121.