一种联合GNSS和气象数据的水文干旱指数构建方法

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2025.20250119

测绘学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (7): 1192-1205.doi: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2025.20250119

一种联合GNSS和气象数据的水文干旱指数构建方法

赵庆志¹(), 常璐璐¹, 姚宜斌²(), 李浩杰¹

^1.西安科技大学测绘科学与技术学院，陕西　西安　710054
^2.武汉大学测绘学院，湖北　武汉　430079

收稿日期:2025-03-17 修回日期:2025-06-20 出版日期:2025-08-18 发布日期:2025-08-18
通讯作者: 姚宜斌 E-mail:zhaoqingzhia@163.com;ybyao@whu.edu.cn
作者简介:赵庆志（1989—），男，博士，教授，研究方向为GNSS数据处理与GNSS气象学。E-mail：zhaoqingzhia@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42274039);南京气象科技创新研究院北极阁开放研究基金(BJG202411)

A method for constructing a hydrological drought index integrated with GNSS and meteorological data

Qingzhi ZHAO¹(), Lulu CHANG¹, Yibin YAO²(), Haojie LI¹

^1.College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
^2.School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China

Received:2025-03-17 Revised:2025-06-20 Online:2025-08-18 Published:2025-08-18
Contact: Yibin YAO E-mail:zhaoqingzhia@163.com;ybyao@whu.edu.cn
About author:ZHAO Qingzhi (1989—), male, PhD, professor, majors in GNSS data processing and GNSS meteorology. E-mail: zhaoqingzhia@163.com
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(42274039);Arctic Pavilion Open Research Fund of Nanjing Meteorological Science and Technology Innovation Research Institute(BJG202411)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水文干旱事件对社会经济发展和生态系统稳定具有重要影响。针对现有水文干旱研究仅考虑单一的地表或地下水资源变化的现状，本文提出一种联合GNSS与水量平衡原理的水文干旱指数（GWHDI）构建方法。该方法依据水量平衡原理同时考虑地表和地下水资源变化对水文干旱的综合影响，利用GNSS技术反演的垂直地壳位移（VCD）反映地下水资源变化，以降水与潜在蒸散发的综合时变特征作为地表水文要素，并引入多通道奇异谱分析方法确定不同水文要素的最优权值。选取美国本土西北部地区2006—2020年302个GNSS站点进行试验，以标准化径流指数（SRI）为参考，并与GNSS垂向位移干旱指数（HDI）和干旱严重指数（DSI）进行对比。结果表明，在不同时空尺度上，GWHDI与SRI均具有较高的一致性，其时空平均相关性分别为0.71和0.52，显著优于HDI和DSI；此外，GWHDI在夏季最小，易发生水文干旱。上述结果表明本文构建的水文干旱指数在不同时空尺度上均表现出较强的稳健性和可靠性，为区域水资源管理与水文干旱灾害监测预警提供了一种方法。

关键词: 全球导航卫星系统, 水量平衡原理, 水文干旱, 垂直地壳位移, 标准化径流指数

Abstract:

Hydrological drought events significantly impact socioeconomic development and ecosystem stability. Current hydrological drought studies often focus solely on changes in either surface or groundwater resources. To address this limitation, this study proposes a novel method for constructing a hydrological drought index, termed the GNSS cooperated with water balance principle hydrological drought index (GWHDI). This index integrates changes in both surface and groundwater resources based on the water balance principle. Specifically, vertical crustal displacement (VCD) derived from global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is used to reflect groundwater changes, while the combined temporal variability of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration serves as a surface water indicator. Additionally, multichannel singular spectrum analysis (MSSA) is employed to determine the optimal weights for different hydrological variables. The method was tested using data from 302 GNSS stations in the northwestern native United States from 2006 to 2020. The standardized runoff index (SRI) was used as a reference, and comparisons were made with the GNSS-based hydrological drought index (HDI) and the drought severity index (DSI). Results indicate that the GWHDI shows strong consistency with the SRI across different spatial and temporal scales, with average temporal and spatial correlations of 0.71 and 0.52, respectively, which are significantly better than those of HDI and DSI. Furthermore, the GWHDI reaches its minimum in summer, indicating a higher likelihood of hydrological drought during this period. These findings demonstrate that the proposed GWHDI is robust and reliable, offering a new approach for regional water resource management and hydrological drought monitoring and early warning.

Key words: GNSS, water balance principle, hydrological drought, vertical crustal displacement, standardized runoff index

中图分类号:

P228

赵庆志, 常璐璐, 姚宜斌, 李浩杰. 一种联合GNSS和气象数据的水文干旱指数构建方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2025, 54(7): 1192-1205.

Qingzhi ZHAO, Lulu CHANG, Yibin YAO, Haojie LI. A method for constructing a hydrological drought index integrated with GNSS and meteorological data[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2025, 54(7): 1192-1205.

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站点	R²		RMS		MAE
站点	地表水文干旱指标	地下水文干旱指标	地表水文干旱指标	地下水文干旱指标	地表水文干旱指标	地下水文干旱指标
P113	0.67^**	0.36^**	0.79	1.58	0.68	1.32
P100	0.69^**	0.43^**	0.77	1.64	0.63	1.35
P682	0.61^**	0.54^**	0.87	1.71	0.72	1.39
ALUT	0.70^**	0.52^**	0.75	1.68	0.62	1.40
平均值	0.67	0.46	0.80	1.65	0.66	1.37

季节	R²			RMS			MAE
季节	HDI	DSI	GWHDI	HDI	DSI	GWHDI	HDI	DSI	GWHDI
春	0.21^*	0.21^*	0.83^**	1.90	1.11	0.96	1.65	0.92	0.82
夏	0.20^*	0.21^*	0.62^**	1.36	1.12	0.50	1.17	0.94	0.39
秋	0.22^*	0.26^*	0.77^**	1.51	1.22	0.75	1.31	0.98	0.65
冬	0.20^*	0.22^*	0.63^**	1.32	1.22	1.01	1.10	1.00	0.85
平均值	0.21	0.23	0.71	1.52	1.17	0.81	1.31	0.96	0.68

一种联合GNSS和气象数据的水文干旱指数构建方法

A method for constructing a hydrological drought index integrated with GNSS and meteorological data

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