北斗三号全球导航卫星系统全球广播电离层延迟修正模型(BDGIM)应用性能评估

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2021.20200421

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 2020年6月23日，我国北斗三号全球导航卫星系统正式完成星座全球组网。北斗三号全球导航卫星系统采用新一代全球广播电离层延迟修正模型（BDGIM），为用户提供电离层延迟改正服务。本文利用高精度全球电离层格网（GIM）以及实测BDS/GPS数据提供的电离层TEC作为参考，从延迟改正精度及北斗单频伪距单点定位应用、模型系数性能等方面，对北斗三号系统组网前后（2020年5月1日至2020年7月20日）BDGIM模型的改正精度等应用性能进行了分析与研究，并将其与美国GPS播发的Klobuchar模型和北斗二号卫星导航系统播发的BDS Klobuchar模型进行对比。研究表明，BDGIM模型在对北斗三号系统组网完成前后电离层延迟修正精度没有发生显著变化。上述时段内，以国际GNSS服务（IGS）发布的最终GIM产品为参考，BDGIM模型在中国区域、亚太地区和全球范围内的电离层修正百分比分别达到84.45%、74.74%和64.57%；以选取的全球83个GNSS检测站BDS、GPS双频数据实测电离层TEC为参考，BDGIM在中国区域、亚太地区和全球范围内的电离层修正百分比分别为73.12%、70.18%及68.06%；当BDGIM模型应用于北斗单频伪距单点定位时，在中国区域、亚太地区和全球范围内分别实现了2.22、2.66和2.96 m的三维定位精度。

关键词: 北斗三号全球导航卫星系统, 电离层, BDGIM, 精度评估

Abstract: On June 23, 2020, the last BDS-3 satellite was launched, which means that the China BDS finished its global system construction. The BDS-3 adopts a new generation global broadcast ionospheric delay correction model (BDGIM) for the single frequency ionospheric delay correction. This paper describes the performance of BDGIM during the period before and after the establishment of the BDS-3 system, in terms of the accuracy of ionospheric delay correction, BDS single-frequency pseudorange positioning and the broadcast model coefficients. To access the performance of BDGIM, the high-precision global ionospheric map (GIM) and the measured ionospheric electron content (TEC) data are selected as references. The accuracy of GPS Klobuchar model and the BDS-2 Klobuchar model are also analyzed. The results show that the accuracy of ionospheric delay correction of the BDGIM did not change significantly before and after the completion of the BDS-3 constellation. Taking the final GIM product released by the International GNSS Service (IGS) as a reference, the ionospheric correction percentages of the BDGIM model in China, the Asia-Pacific and global regions reached 84.5%、74.6% and 64.4%, respectively. Taking the ionospheric TEC measured by BDS and GPS data of 83 global GNSS stations as a reference, the ionospheric correction percentages of BDGIM in China,Asia-Pacific and global regions are 74.3%、70.5% and 68.6%, respectively. When the BDGIM model is applied to BDS single-frequency pseudorange positioning, the three-dimensional positioning accuracy of 2.22、2.66 and 2.96 m has been achieved in China, Asia-Pacific and the global regions, respectively. Different evaluation results show that the average correction accuracy of the BDGIM model is superior to the BDS Klobuchar model and the GPS Klobuchar model.

Key words: BDS-3, ionosphere, BDGIM, precision assessment

中图分类号:

P228

袁运斌, 李敏, 霍星亮, 李子申, 王宁波. 北斗三号全球导航卫星系统全球广播电离层延迟修正模型(BDGIM)应用性能评估[J]. 测绘学报, 2021, 50(4): 436-447.

YUAN Yunbin, LI Min, HUO Xingliang, LI Zishen, WANG Ningbo. Research on performance of BeiDou global broadcast ionospheric delay correction model (BDGIM) of BDS-3[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2021, 50(4): 436-447.

参考文献

[1] 袁运斌. 基于GPS的电离层监测及延迟改正理论与方法的研究[D]. 武汉:中国科学院研究生院(测量与地球物理研究所), 2002. YUAN Yunbin. Study on theories and methods of correcting ionospheric delay and monitoring ionosphere based on GPS[D]. Wuhan:Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2002.
[2] 袁运斌, 霍星亮, 张宝成. 近年来我国GNSS电离层延迟精确建模及修正研究进展[J]. 测绘学报, 2017, 46(10):1364-1378. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20170349. YUAN Yunbin, HUO Xingliang, ZHANG Baocheng. Research progress of precise models and correction for GNSS ionospheric delay in China over recent years[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2017, 46(10):1364-1378. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20170349.
[3] KLOBUCHAR J A. Ionospheric time-delay algorithm for single-frequency GPS users[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 1987, AES-23(3):325-331.
[4] OS-SIS-ICD. European GNSS (Galileo) open service signal in space interface control document (Issue 1.1)[EB/OL].[2020-08-15]. https://www.gsc-europa.eu/electronic-library/programme-reference-documents.
[5] 中国卫星导航系统管理办公室.北斗卫星导航系统空间信号接口控制文件公开服务信号(2.1版)[EB/OL].[2021-03-21]. http://www.beidou.gov.cn/xt/gfxz/index_2.html. China Satellite Navigation Office. BeiDou navigation satellite system signal in space interface control document open service signal (version 2.1)[EB/OL].[2021-03-21]. http://www.beidou.gov.cn/xt/gfxz/index_2.html.
[6] YANG Yuanxi, MAO Yue, SUN Bijiao. Basic performance and future developments of BeiDou global navigation satellite system[J]. Satellite Navigation, 2020, 1:1.
[7] 中国卫星导航系统管理办公室. 北斗卫星导航系统空间信号接口控制文件公开服务信号B1C(1.0版)[EB/OL]. http://www.beidou.gov.cn/xt/gfxz/index_2.html. China Satellite Navigation Office. BeiDou navigation satellite system signal in space interface control document open service signal B1C (version 1.0)[EB/OL].[2020-03-05]. http://www.beidou.gov.cn/xt/gfxz/index_2.html.
[8] YUAN Yunbin, WANG Ningbo, LI Zishen, et al. The BeiDou global broadcast ionospheric delay correction model (BDGIM) and its preliminary performance evaluation results[J]. Navigation, 2019, 66(1):55-69.
[9] BETZ J W, LU Mingquan, MORTON Y T J, et al. Introduction to the special issue on the BeiDou navigation system[J]. Navigation, 2019, 66(1):3-5.
[10] 王斐, 吴晓莉, 周田, 等. 不同Klobuchar模型参数的性能比较[J]. 测绘学报, 2014, 43(11):1151-1157. WANG Fei, WU Xiaoli, ZHOU Tian, et al. Performance comparison between different Klobuchar model parameters[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2014, 43(11):1151-1157.
[11] 张强, 赵齐乐, 章红平, 等. 北斗卫星导航系统Klobuchar模型精度评估[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2014, 39(2):142-146. ZHANG Qiang, ZHAO Qile, ZHANG Hongping, et al. Evaluation on the precision of Klobuchar model for BeiDou navigation satellite system[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2014, 39(2):142-146.
[12] 王泽民, 毕通, 孙伟, 等. GNSS广播电离层模型在极区的改正效果分析[J]. 极地研究, 2016, 28(2):235-242. WANG Zemin, BI Tong, SUN Wei, et al. Analysis of global navigation satellite system broadcast ionospheric model correction in polar regions[J]. Chinese Journal of Polar Research, 2016, 28(2):235-242.
[13] BIDAINE B, LONCHAY M, WARNANT R. Galileo single frequency ionospheric correction:performances in terms of position[J]. GPS Solutions, 2013, 17(1):63-73.
[14] MONTENBRUCK O, RODRÍGUEZ B G. NeQuick-G performance assessment for space applications[J]. GPS Solutions, 2020, 24(1):13.
[15] 王宁波, 袁运斌, 李子申, 等. 不同NeQuick电离层模型参数的应用精度分析[J]. 测绘学报, 2017, 46(4):421-429. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20160400. WANG Ningbo, YUAN Yunbin, LI Zishen, et al. Performance analysis of different NeQuick ionospheric model parameters[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2017, 46(4):421-429. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20160400.
[16] ZHAO Kunjuan, YAN Wenhe, YANG Xuhai, et al. BDGIM performance evaluation based on iGMAS global tracking network[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2020, 66(9):2168-2178.
[17] YANG Chao, GUO Jing, GENG Tao, et al. Assessment and comparison of broadcast ionospheric models:NTCM-BC, BDGIM, and Klobuchar[J]. Remote Sensing, 2020, 12(7):1215.
[18] YU Shun, MA Fujian, WANG Wei, et al. Preliminary evaluation on the precision of the BDS-3 global ionospheric model[C]//Proceedings of 2019 China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC). Singapore:Springer, 2019:131-139.
[19] CHEN Jinping, HU Xiaogong, TANG Chengpan, et al. SIS accuracy and service performance of the BDS-3 basic system[J]. Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, 2020, 63(6):269511.
[20] ZHU Yongxing, TAN Shusen, FENG Laiping, et al. Estimation of the DCB for the BDS-3 new signals based on BDGIM constraints[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2020, 66(6):1405-1414.
[21] 许龙霞, 李孝辉, 何雷. 北斗三号电离层模型性能分析[J]. 空间科学学报, 2020, 40(3):341-348. XU Longxia, LI Xiaohui, HE Lei. Performance analysis of BDS single frequency ionosphere model[J]. Chinese Journal of Space Science, 2020, 40(3):341-348.
[22] 朱永兴, 谭述森, 任夏, 等. GNSS全球广播电离层模型精度分析[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2020, 45(5):768-775. ZHU Yongxing, TAN Shusen, REN Xia, et al. Accuracy analysis of GNSS global broadcast ionospheric model[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2020, 45(5):768-775.
[23] 周仁宇, 胡志刚, 苏牡丹, 等. 北斗全球系统广播电离层模型性能初步评估[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2019, 44(10):1457-1464. ZHOU Renyu, HU Zhigang, SU Mudan, et al. Preliminary performance evaluation of BeiDou global ionospheric delay correction model[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2019, 44(10):1457-1464.
[24] 郭树人, 蔡洪亮, 孟轶男, 等. 北斗三号导航定位技术体制与服务性能[J]. 测绘学报, 2019, 48(7):810-821. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2019.20190091. GUO Shuren, CAI Hongliang, MENG Yinan, et al. BDS-3 RNSS technical characteristics and service performance[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2019, 48(7):810-821. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2019.20190091.
[25] ZHU Yongxing, TAN Shusen, ZHANG Qinghua, et al. Accuracy evaluation of the latest BDGIM for BDS-3 satellites[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2019, 64(6):1217-1224.
[26] 李子申. GNSS/Compass电离层时延修正及TEC监测理论与方法研究[D]. 武汉:中国科学院研究生院(测量与地球物理研究所), 2012. LI Zishen. Study on the mitigation of ionospheric delay and the monitoring of global ionospheric TEC based on GNSS/Compass[D]. Wuhan:Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2012.
[27] 霍星亮. 基于GNSS的电离层形态监测与延迟模型研究[D]. 武汉:中国科学院研究生院(测量与地球物理研究所), 2008. HUO Xingliang. Monitoring of ionospheric morphology and study of ionospheric delay model based on GNSS[D]. Wuhan:Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2008.
[28] 王宁波. GNSS差分码偏差处理方法及全球广播电离层模型研究[J]. 测绘学报, 2017, 46(8):1069. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20160387. WANG Ningbo. Study on GNSS differential code biases and global broadcast ionospheric models of GPS, Galileo and BDS[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2017, 46(8):1069. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20160387.
[29] ROMA-DOLLASE D, HERNÁNDEZ-PAJARES M, KRAN-KOWSKI A, et al. Consistency of seven different GNSS global ionospheric mapping techniques during one solar cycle[J]. Journal of Geodesy, 2018, 92(6):691-706.
[30] HERNÁNDEZ-PAJARES M, ROMA-DOLLASE D, KRAN-KOWSKI A, et al. Methodology and consistency of slant and vertical assessments for ionospheric electron content models[J]. Journal of Geodesy, 2017, 91(12):1405-1414.
[31] SCHAER S. Mapping and predicting the Earth's ionosphere using the global positioning system[D]. Berne, Switzerland:University of Berne, 1999.