2022汤加海底火山活动的测高海面观测异常分析

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2024.20230277

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 2022年1月14日—2022年1月15日，汤加海底火山发生剧烈喷发并造成全球性海啸，引起了国际广泛关注。针对汤加火山喷发引起的海洋环境异常综合观测，本文提出了利用Jason-3测高卫星数据研究火山喷发对海洋环境的短期和长期影响。针对短期影响，利用距离火山最近的弧段186的重复轨道，对比不同时间观测值，分析火山喷发时期海平面变化、有效波高和电离层总电子含量（TEC）异常。结果表明：卫星测高可观测到火山喷发引起的海面异常。火山喷发期间：海平面产生短期变化，原因可能与火山活动引起的波浪、海洋环境变化和海底地形变化有关；火山喷发引起部分海域有效波高显著增加，弧段186区域电离层TEC明显降低。针对长期影响，构建了研究区域内2016年2月—2023年2月共7年区域平均海面观测时间序列，并采用小波变换、奇异谱分析方法探测时间序列中的异常扰动，分析其与火山活动的关系，从而推断火山喷发活动对海洋环境的长期影响。结果表明：火山喷发可能会对海平面变化产生长期影响，海平面变化分布与俯冲带位置相关，其影响还与EI Nino和La Nina事件产生的影响耦合，需要更多资料进一步分析；另外，汤加火山喷发对研究海域内的平均有效波高和电离层TEC分布长期影响较小。

关键词: 汤加火山, 卫星测高, 海平面变化, 电离层异常, 有效波高

Abstract: On January 14 and 15, 2022, Tonga's submarine volcano erupted violently and caused a global tsunami, which attracted wide international attention. For the comprehensive observation of the marine environment anomalies caused by Tonga volcanic eruption, a method is proposed in this paper that the short-term and long-term effects of volcanic eruption on Marine environment are studied by using Jason-3 altimeter data. Aiming at the short-term effects, the repeated orbit of pass 186, which is closest to the volcano, is used to compare the observed values at different times to analyze the sea level change, significant wave height and ionospheric total electron content (TEC) anomalies during the volcanic eruption. The results show that the marine environment anomalies caused by the volcanic eruption can be observed by satellite altimetry. The volcanic eruption changes the sea level short-term, which is related to the changes of submarine topography, sterodynamic variability, and wave runup caused by volcanic activity. The volcanic eruption makes the significant wave height in some areas increase significantly, and the ionospheric TEC of pass 186 decreased significantly due to volcanic eruption. Aiming at the long-term effects, a 7-year regional mean sea surface observation time series from February 2016 to February 2023 in the study area was constructed, and the abnormal disturbance in the time series was detected by wavelet transform and singular spectrum analysis method. Then we analyzed the relationship between abnormal disturbance and volcanic activities, and inferred the long-term effect of volcanic eruption activities on marine environment. The results show that volcanic eruption may have a long-term effect on sea level change, the distribution of sea level anomaly is related to the location of subduction zone. Its effect is also coupled with that of EI Nino and La Nina events, so more data are needed for further analysis. In addition, the Tonga volcanic eruption has little influence on the long-term mean significant wave height and ionospheric TEC distribution in the study area.

Key words: Tonga volcano, satellite altimetry, sea level change, ionospheric anomaly, significant wave height

中图分类号:

P258

李倩倩, 鲍李峰, 王勇. 2022汤加海底火山活动的测高海面观测异常分析[J]. 测绘学报, 2024, 53(2): 263-273.

LI Qianqian, BAO Lifeng, WANG Yong. Analysis of altimetry-derived sea surface observation anomalies for 2022 eruption of Tonga submarine volcano[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2024, 53(2): 263-273.

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