格式塔原则与图形凸分解结合的建筑物群直线模式识别方法

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2023.20210286

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 建筑物群空间分布模式是重要的城市结构特征。以往研究多基于格式塔原则将建筑物作为整体认知分布模式,忽略了从建筑物局部到整体的视觉认知过程而导致模式的漏识别。本文提出结合格式塔原则和图形凸分解识别直线模式方法:首先,基于三元组和格式塔原则定义直线模式;其次,结合图形凸分解识别直线模式,图形分解时顾及了建筑物图形的直角化特征。试验结果表明,本文方法能有效识别建筑群中直线模式,相比已有直线模式识别方法准确率和召回率分别提高了15.7%和30.5%。

关键词: 空间分布, 建筑物, 直线模式, 凸分解, 格式塔原则

Abstract: Building patterns are important local structures characterizing urban areas. Building patterns in previous studies are mostly recognized based on the Gestalt principles in which buildings are considered as a whole. However, human vision is also proved as a parts-based system, and some visually aware patterns may fail to be recognized with the existing methods. This paper first combines Gestalt principles and the convex polygon decomposition to recognize linear patterns. First, the linear patterns are defined based on the triples and Gestalt principles. Second, linear patterns are recognized combining the convex polygon decomposition, and the buildings' orthogonal features are considered in their decomposition. The experimental results show that proposed method is effective to recognize the linear patterns in study area. Compared with the existing methods, the accuracy and recall have increased by 15.7% and 30.5%, respectively.

Key words: spatial distribution, building, linear pattern, convex decomposition, Gestalt principles

中图分类号:

P208

魏智威, 丁愫, 童莹, 程璐, 刘洋. 格式塔原则与图形凸分解结合的建筑物群直线模式识别方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2023, 52(1): 117-128.

WEI Zhiwei, DING Su, TONG Ying, CHENG Lu, LIU Yang. Linear building pattern recognition combining Gestalt principles and convex polygon decomposition[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2023, 52(1): 117-128.

参考文献

[1] 刘慧敏, 胡文柯, 唐建波, 等. 顾及功能语义特征的建筑物空间分布模式识别方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2020, 49(5): 622-631. DOI: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2020.20190222. LIU Huimin, HU Wenke, TANG Jianbo, et al. A method for recognizing building clusters by considering functional features of buildings[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2020, 49(5): 622-631.DOI: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2020.20190222.
[2] ZHANG Xiuyuan, DU Shihong, WANG Yichen. Semantic classification of heterogeneous urban scenes using intrascene feature similarity and interscene semantic dependency[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2015, 8(5): 2005-2014.
[3] DU Shihong, ZHANG Fangli, ZHANG Xiuyuan. Semantic classification of urban buildings combining VHR image and GIS data: an improved random forest approach[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2015, 105: 107-119.
[4] MAO Bo, HARRIE L, BAN Yifang. Detection and typification of linear structures for dynamic visualization of 3D city models[J]. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 2012, 36(3): 233-244.
[5] ZHANG Liqiang, DENG Hao, CHEN Dong, et al. A spatial cognition-based urban building clustering approach and its applications[J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 2013, 27(4): 721-740.
[6] RUAS A, HOLZAPFEL F. Automatic characterisation of building alignments by means of expert knowledge[C]//Proceedings of the 21st International Cartographic Conference (ICC). Miami, FL, USA: ICC, 2003: 1604-1616.
[7] STEINIGER S. Enabling pattern-aware automated map generalization[D]. Zurich:University of Zurich,2007.
[8] ZHANG Xiang, STOTER J, AI Tinghua, et al. Automated evaluation of building alignments in generalized maps[J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 2013, 27(8): 1550-1571.
[9] RENARD J, DUCHÊNE C. Urban structure generalization in multi-agent process by use of reactional agents[J]. Transactions in GIS, 2014, 18(2): 201-218.
[10] ANDERS K H,SESTER M. A hierarchical graph-clustering approach to find groups of objects [C]//Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Progress in Automated Map Generalization.Paris,France:[s.n.], 2003.
[11] REGNAULD N. Contextual building typification in automated map generalization[J]. Algorithmica, 2001, 30(2): 312-333.
[12] 艾廷华, 郭仁忠. 基于格式塔识别原则挖掘空间分布模式[J]. 测绘学报, 2007, 36(3): 302-308. AI Tinghua, GUO Renzhong. Polygon cluster pattern mining based on gestalt principles[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2007, 36(3): 302-308.
[13] YAN Haowen, WEIBEL R, YANG Bisheng. A multi-parameter approach to automated building grouping and generalization[J]. GeoInformatica, 2008, 12(1): 73-89.
[14] LI Z, YAN H, AI T, et al. Automated building generalization based on urban morphology and Gestalt theory[J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 2004, 18(5): 513-534.
[15] ALLOUCHE M K, MOULIN B. Amalgamation in cartographic generalization using Kohonen's feature nets[J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 2005, 19(8-9): 899-914.
[16] WANG Yuebin, ZHANG Liqiang, MATHIOPOULOS P T, et al. A Gestalt rules and graph-cut-based simplification framework for urban building models[J]. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2015, 35: 247-258.
[17] 程博艳, 刘强, 李小文. 一种建筑物群智能聚类法[J]. 测绘学报, 2013, 42(2): 290-294, 303. CHENG Boyan, LIU Qiang, LI Xiaowen. Intelligent building grouping using a self-organizing map[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2013, 42(2): 290-294, 303.
[18] YAN Xiongfeng, AI Tinghua, YANG Min, et al. A graph deep learning approach for urban building grouping[J]. Geocarto International, 2022, 37(10):2944-2966.
[19] RAINSFORD D,MACKANESS W. Template matching in support of generalisation of rural buildings[M]//Advancesin Spatial Data Handling. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002: 137-151.
[20] YANG W. Identify building patterns[C]//Proceedings of 2011 International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Göttingen, Germany: Copernicus GmbH, 2011, 391-398.
[21] 巩现勇, 武芳. 基于图匹配的城市建筑群典型字母型分布的识别[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2018, 43(1): 159-166. GONG Xianyong, WU Fang. A graph match approach to typical letter-like pattern recognition in urban building groups[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2018, 43(1): 159-166.
[22] ANDERS K H.Grid typification[C]//Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling, Berlin: Springer, 2006: 633-642.
[23] WANG Xiao, BURGHARDT D. A mesh-based typification method for building groups with grid patterns[J]. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2019, 8(4): 168.
[24] ZHANG Xiang, AI Tinghua, STOTER J, et al. Building pattern recognition in topographic data: examples on collinear and curvilinear alignments[J]. GeoInformatica, 2013, 17(1): 1-33.
[25] WANG Xiao, BURGHARDT D. A typification method for linear building groups based on stroke simplification[J]. Geocarto International, 2021, 36(15): 1732-1751.
[26] 巩现勇, 武芳, 钱海忠, 等. 建筑群多连通直线模式的参数识别方法[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2014, 39(3): 335-339. GONG Xianyong, WU Fang, QIAN Haizhong, et al. The parameter discrimination approach to multi-connected linear pattern recognition in building groups[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2014, 39(3): 335-339.
[27] 巩现勇, 武芳. 城市建筑群网格模式的图论识别方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2014, 43(9): 960-968. GONG Xianyong, WU Fang. The graph theory approach to grid pattern recognition in urban building groups[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2014, 43(9): 960-968.
[28] DU Shihong, SHU Mi, FENG C C. Representation and discovery of building patterns: a three-level relational approach[J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 2016, 30(6): 1161-1186.
[29] 郭庆胜, 魏智威, 王勇, 等. 特征分类与邻近图相结合的建筑物群空间分布特征提取方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2017, 46(5): 631-638.DOI: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20160374. GUO Qingsheng, WEI Zhiwei, WANG Yong, et al. The method of extracting spatial distribution characteristics of buildings combined with feature classification and proximity graph[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2017, 46(5): 631-638.DOI: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2017.20160374.
[30] WEI Zhiwei, GUO Qingsheng, WANG Lin, et al. On the spatial distribution of buildings for map generalization[J]. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 2018, 45(6): 539-555.
[31] HE Xianjin, ZHANG Xinchang, XIN Qinchuan. Recognition of building group patterns in topographic maps based on graph partitioning and random forest[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2018, 136: 26-40.
[32] ZHAO Rong, AI Tinghua, YU Wenhao, et al. Recognition of building group patterns using graph convolutional network[J]. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 2020, 47(5): 400-417.
[33] WANG Chun, LAI Zhongyuan. Shape decomposition and classification by searching optimal part pruning sequence[J]. Pattern Recognition, 2016, 54: 206-217.
[34] DASH K S, PUHAN N B, PANDA G. Unconstrained handwritten digit recognition using perceptual shape primitives[J]. Pattern Analysis and Applications, 2018, 21(2): 413-436.
[35] HU Xuke, FAN Hongchao, NOSKOV A. Roof model recommendation for complex buildings based on combination rules and symmetry features in footprints[J]. International Journal of Digital Earth, 2018, 11(10): 1039-1063.
[36] DU Shihong, SHU Mi, WANG Qiao. Modelling relational contexts in GEOBIA framework for improving urban land-cover mapping[J]. GIScience & Remote Sensing, 2019, 56(2): 184-209.
[37] JIANG, JIANG, KWAN, et al. Study of indoor ventilation based on large-scale DNS by a domain decomposition method[J]. Symmetry, 2019, 11(11): 1416.
[38] LIU Yuangang, GUO Qingsheng, SUN Yageng, et al. A combined approach to cartographic displacement for buildings based on skeleton and improved elastic beam algorithm[J]. PLoS One, 2014, 9(12): e113953.
[39] 艾廷华, 郭仁忠. 支持地图综合的面状目标约束Delaunay三角网剖分[J]. 武汉测绘科技大学学报, 2000,25(1): 35-41. AI Tinghua, GUO Renzhong. A constrained delaunay partitioning of areal objects to support map generalization[J]. Journal of Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping (Wtusm), 2000, 25(1): 35-41.