中国编队海洋测绘卫星数据反演海域重力扰动矢量及性能分析

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2025.20240340

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文采用国内首个搭载合成孔径雷达高度计的编队跟飞海洋测绘卫星（COATS）及美国SWOT卫星海面高数据开展了重力扰动矢量（垂线偏差和扰动重力）反演研究。采用区域反距离加权迭代方法对COATS卫星的异常数据进行了滤波处理，有效剔除了沿轨异常值。针对双星跟飞模式、宽刈幅模式特点，采用基于多方向海面坡度的估计方法求解格网垂线偏差，并反演得到海域扰动重力。西太平洋区域计算表明，COATS卫星在垂线偏差求解中充分利用了交轨方向上的近实时海面高，跟飞模式下可实现局部1′×1′垂线偏差计算，与EIGEN-6C4模型计算的1′×1′垂线偏差比较，南北、东西分量互差标准差分别为1.7″和2.3″。SWOT卫星作为国际上首颗宽刈幅干涉测高卫星，在垂线偏差求解上其南北分量和东西分量精度保持一致，与EIGEN-6C4模型计算的1′×1′垂线偏差比较，南北、东西分量互差标准差约1.8″，充分体现了宽刈幅各向观测均匀的优势。以SIO 32.1版重力数据作为参考基准，COATS卫星数据计算的5′×5′、SWOT卫星数据计算的1′×1′及联合两个卫星数据联合计算的1′×1′重力异常与参考值比较的标准差分别为6.4、5.2和4.9 mGal。考虑到COATS和SWOT卫星是目前国际上真正实现1′×1′海面高测量的卫星，未来联合两颗卫星的长期积累数据将不断得到更加密集的垂线偏差和扰动重力，进而将进一步提高海域重力场的精细程度。

关键词: 海洋卫星测高, COATS卫星, SWOT卫星, 垂线偏差, 扰动重力

Abstract:

In this paper, we use the sea surface height data of the China ocean altimetry tandem satellites (COATS) and the SWOT satellite of the United States to compute the disturbed gravity vector (vertical deflection and disturbed gravity). The abnormal data of COATS satellite are filtered by using the regional inverse distance weighted iterative method, and the outliers are eliminated effectively. According to the characteristics of the two-satellite tandem mode and wide-swath mode, a method based on multi-directional sea surface gradient estimation is adopted to solve the grid vertical deflection and the disturbed gravity in the sea area is retrieved. The calculation of the Western Pacific region shows that the COATS satellite makes full use of the near real-time sea surface height in the cross-orbit direction in the calculation of the vertical deflection, and can realize the calculation of the local 1′×1′ vertical deflection in the tandem-following mode, compared with the 1′×1′ vertical deviation calculated by EIGEN-6C4 model, the standard deviation of north-south and east-west component is respectively 1.65″ and 2.3″. SWOT satellite is the first wide-swath interferometric altimetry satellite in the world. The accuracy of its north-south component and east-west component is consistent with that of EIGEN-6C4 model, the standard deviation of north-south and east-west components is about 1.8″, which fully reflects the advantage of uniform observation of wide-swath. Compared with the gravity data of SIO 32.1, the standard deviation of gravity anomaly respectively derived from COATS 5′×5′, SWOT 1′×1′ and two satellite fusion 1′×1′ data is 6.4, 5.2 and 4.9 mGal. Considering that COATS and SWOT are currently the satellites which truly achieve 1′×1′ sea surface height surveying, the combined COATS and SWOT satellite data will get more intensive vertical deflection and disturbed gravity, which will further improve the precision of the gravity field in the sea area.

Key words: ocean satellite altimetry, COATS satellite, SWOT satellite, vertical deflection, gravity disturbing

中图分类号:

P223

翟振和, 孙中苗, 马健, 管斌, 黄河, 欧阳明达, 黄令勇, 黄志勇, 潘星辰, 袁仕耿, 刘胜利, 刘森. 中国编队海洋测绘卫星数据反演海域重力扰动矢量及性能分析[J]. 测绘学报, 2025, 54(4): 714-724.

Zhenhe ZHAI, Zhongmiao SUN, Jian MA, Bin GUAN, He HUANG, Mingda OUYANG, Lingyong HUANG, Zhiyong HUANG, Xingchen PAN, Shigeng YUAN, Shengli LIU, Sen LIU. Gravity field inversion from China ocean altimetry tandem satellites data and performance analysis[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2025, 54(4): 714-724.

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误差改正项	改正模型
电离层误差	Ku/C双频改正
干对流层误差	Saastamoinen（1972）模型
湿对流层误差	三频校正辐射计
海洋潮汐	FES2014b模型
固体潮汐	Cartwright and Taylor 1973模型
极潮	IERS Equilibrium模型，Wahr（1985）模型
逆气压改正	Wunsch and Stammer（1997）模型
海况偏差改正	NPSSB模型

比较类型	格网大小	最大值/（″）	最小值/（″）	差值均值/（″）	标准差/（″）	参与评估的数量
南北	1′×1′	11.36	－10.28	0.11	1.65	82 534
分量	5′×5′	11.13	－9.36	0.10	1.51	14 400
东西	1′×1′	28.42	－16.70	0.28	2.37	82 534
分量	5′×5′	24.86	－16.34	0.23	2.28	14 400

比较类型	格网大小	最大值/（″）	最小值/（″）	差值均值/（″）	标准差/（″）	参与评估的数量
南北	1′×1′	37.75	－21.89	0.08	1.73	359 062
分量	5′×5′	15.64	－24.39	0.07	1.69	14 400
东西	1′×1′	38.62	－40.31	0.04	1.87	359 062
分量	5′×5′	21.64	－20.31	0.03	1.52	14 400

比较类型	赋权原则	格网大小	最大值/（″）	最小值/（″）	差值均值/（″）	标准差/（″）	参与评估的数量
南北	等权	1′×1′	47.19	－70.08	0.14	1.84	360 000
分量	不等权	1′×1′	47.18	－69.58	0.15	1.72	360 000
东西	等权	1′×1′	59.41	－67.62	0.09	1.81	360 000
分量	不等权	1′×1′	58.72	－63.65	0.09	1.81	360 000

比较数据	格网大小	最大值/mGal	最小值/mGal	差值均值/mGal	标准差/mGal	参与评估的数量
COATS&SWOT	5′×5′	91.18	－59.85	0.02	5.07	14 400
COATS&SWOT	1′×1′	59.84	－59.97	0.01	4.96	360 000
EIGEN-6C4	1′×1′	59.78	－49.05	－0.06	8.09	360 000