中国近海SWOT_02重力场模型精度与空间分辨率评估

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2025.20240487

测绘学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (6): 1031-1041.doi: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2025.20240487

中国近海SWOT_02重力场模型精度与空间分辨率评估

陈晓东¹^,²(), 杨萌¹^,²^,³, 袁园¹^,³, 冯伟¹^,³, 黄金维⁴, 钟敏¹^,³()

^1.中山大学测绘科学与技术学院，广东　珠海　519082
^2.自然资源部海洋环境探测技术与应用重点实验室，广东　广州　510300
^3.中山大学极地环境立体观测与应用教育部重点实验室，广东　珠海　519082
^4.阳明交通大学土木工程系，台湾　新竹　300093

收稿日期:2024-12-03 修回日期:2025-05-09 出版日期:2025-07-14 发布日期:2025-07-14
通讯作者: 钟敏 E-mail:chenxd97@mail2.sysu.edu.cn;zhongm63@sysu.edu.cn
作者简介:陈晓东（1996—），男，博士生，研究方向为卫星测高数据处理和海底地形反演。E-mail：chenxd97@mail2.sysu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42027802);中山大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项(23xkjc012);自然资源部海洋环境探测技术与应用重点实验室开放基金课题(MESTA-2022-B003)

Evaluation of the accuracy and spatial resolution of SWOT_02 marine gravity model in China's offshore regions

Xiaodong CHEN¹^,²(), Meng YANG¹^,²^,³, Yuan YUAN¹^,³, Wei FENG¹^,³, Jinway HWANG⁴, Min ZHONG¹^,³()

^1.School of Geospatial Engineering and Science Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
^2.Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou 510300, China
^3.Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Observation of Polar Environment (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
^4.Department of Civil Engineering, Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Xinzhu 300093, China

Received:2024-12-03 Revised:2025-05-09 Online:2025-07-14 Published:2025-07-14
Contact: Min ZHONG E-mail:chenxd97@mail2.sysu.edu.cn;zhongm63@sysu.edu.cn
About author:CHEN Xiaodong (1996—), male, PhD candidate, majors in altimeter data processing and bathymetric inversion using marine gravity data. E-mail: chenxd97@mail2.sysu.edu.cn
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(42027802);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Sun Yat-sen University(23xkjc012);Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources(MESTA-2022-B003)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地表水和海洋地形（SWOT）测高卫星具有宽刈幅测量模式，有望克服传统测高卫星（星下点模式）观测海面高的局限性，进一步提升海洋重力异常解算的精度和空间分辨率。本文基于中山大学、阳明交通大学、日本海洋研究开发机构（JAMSTEC）及美国国家环境信息中心（NCEI）提供的船载重力测量数据，系统评估了SWOT_02、DTU21、V32.1、NSOAS24及SDUST22全球重力异常模型在中国近海等区域的精度与功率谱特征。重点分析了SWOT卫星观测数据融合V32.1模型解算出SWOT_02海洋重力异常模型的性能。结果表明，在开阔海域，SWOT_02模型的表现优于其他模型。一方面，SWOT_02模型与JAMSTEC船载重力异常偏差的均方根误差（RMS）小于4 mGal，相比V32.1模型提升了约1.3 mGal，相对精度提升约25%；另一方面，与船载重力异常的空间插值结果在各波段的相干性均达到最佳，并在7 km以下短波段的功率谱密度优于DTU21、V32.1和NSOAS24模型。此外，SWOT_02模型与“中山大学”号和“中山大学极地”号船载重力在7~60 km波长范围内的相干性，与海底地形格网在小于20 km波长范围的相干性，均显著优于其他模型。然而，在近岸沿海及浅海部分海域，SWOT_02模型精度仍不及DTU21、SDUST22等模型，可能是SWOT_02模型迄今所用观测数据质量限制、基础版本V32.1模型精度较低以及在近海海域数据处理方法未做较大改进等原因导致。因此，沿岸环境复杂性使SWOT卫星数据处理仍面临挑战，提升沿海区域海洋重力异常模型精度是未来重要的研究方向。

关键词: SWOT, 卫星测高, 船载重力, 全球海洋重力异常, 功率谱分析

Abstract:

The SWOT satellite, operating in a wide-swath interferometric altimeter mode, is expected to overcome the limitations of traditional nadir altimetry satellites for sea surface height observations, thereby improving the precision and spatial resolution of marine gravity anomaly measurements. In this study, shipborne gravity data provided by Sun Yat-sen University, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), and National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) were utilized to systematically evaluate the accuracy and power spectral characteristics of the SWOT_02, DTU21, V32.1, NSOAS24, and SDUST22 global gravity anomaly models over the Chinese coastal and offshore areas. Particular attention was given to assessing the performance of the SWOT_02 model, which incorporates data from the SWOT satellite, as an enhancement of the V32.1 model. Results indicate that, over the open ocean areas, the SWOT_02 model performs optimally. Specifically, the root mean square (RMS) of the differences between the SWOT_02 model and JAMSTEC shipborne gravity anomalies is less than 4 mGal, reflecting an improvement of approximately 1.3 mGal compared to the V32.1 model, with a corresponding relative accuracy enhancement of ~25%. Furthermore, the SWOT_02 model demonstrates the highest coherence with shipborne gravity anomalies across different wavelength bands, with its power spectral density in the wavelength range below 7 km outperforming those of the DTU21, V32.1, and NSOAS24 models. Additionally, in both the Chinese coastal seas and the deep-water regions of the South China Sea, comparison of spectral characteristics along shipborne survey tracks indicates that the SWOT_02 model exhibits significantly higher coherence with shipborne gravity anomalies provided by Sun Yat-sen University within the 7~60 km wavelength range compared to other models. Compared to other models, SWOT_02 demonstrates significantly improved coherence with seafloor topography at wavelengths shorter than 20 km. However, in some nearshore and shallow sea regions, the accuracy of the SWOT_02 model remains inferior to that of models such as DTU21 and SDUST22. This may be due to the limited quality of currently available SWOT observations, the relatively low accuracy of the base V32.1 model, and the lack of significant improvements in data processing methods for coastal areas. The complex nearshore environment poses substantial challenges for processing SWOT data, highlighting the need for further research to improve the accuracy of marine gravity anomaly models in coastal areas.

Key words: SWOT, satellite altimetry, shipborne gravity, global marine gravity model, power spectrum analysis

中图分类号:

P229

陈晓东, 杨萌, 袁园, 冯伟, 黄金维, 钟敏. 中国近海SWOT_02重力场模型精度与空间分辨率评估[J]. 测绘学报, 2025, 54(6): 1031-1041.

Xiaodong CHEN, Meng YANG, Yuan YUAN, Wei FENG, Jinway HWANG, Min ZHONG. Evaluation of the accuracy and spatial resolution of SWOT_02 marine gravity model in China's offshore regions[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2025, 54(6): 1031-1041.

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模型	发布年份	参考重力场	主要卫星测高数据来源	覆盖范围	开放链接
SWOT_02	2024	V32.1	SWOT+T/P+J1+E2+En+J2+C2+Al+S3A+S3B	80°S—80°N	https://topex.ucsd.edu/pub/global_grav_1min_SWOT/
DTU21	2021	EGM2008	T/P+GFO+E2+J1+C2+J2+Al+S3A+S3B+I1	90°S—90°N	https://ftp.space.dtu.dk/pub/
V32.1	2022	EGM2008	T/P+J1+E2+En+J2+C2+Al+S3A+S3B	80°S—80°N	https://topex.ucsd.edu/pub/global_grav_1min/
NSOAS24	2024	EGM2008	T/P+Ge+E1+J1+En+J2+J3+C2+Al+HY-2A+HY-2B	80°S—80°N	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12730119
SDUST22	2024	XGM2019e	T/P+E1+GFO+E2+J1+J2+En+J3+HY-2A+HY-2B+C2+Al+S3A+S3B+S6A+I2	80°S—82°N	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8337387

模型	最大值	最小值	平均值	RMS	STD
SWOT_02	29.40	-25.81	0.71	3.96	3.90
DTU21	11.45	-11.45	0.28	4.06	4.05
V32.1	41.52	-43.14	0.54	5.25	5.22
NSOAS24	24.75	-38.14	0.88	4.84	4.76
SDUST22	18.94	-20.27	0.24	4.14	4.13

模型	最大值	最小值	平均值	RMS	STD
SWOT_02	48.88	-43.80	0.42	5.85	5.83
DTU21	45.54	-39.30	0.05	5.03	5.03
V32.1	40.58	-40.69	1.03	6.37	6.29
NSOAS24	43.03	-47.03	0.78	6.06	6.01
SDUST22	42.81	-39.27	-0.18	5.88	5.88

模型	最大值	最小值	平均值	RMS	STD
SWOT_02	28.70	-27.87	1.87	5.84	5.53
DTU21	18.98	-18.98	1.88	6.03	5.73
V32.1	35.77	-47.87	1.94	6.40	6.10
NSOAS24	33.19	-38.76	1.84	6.14	5.86
SDUST22	28.38	-28.75	1.58	5.91	5.70

模型	“中山大学”号		“中山大学极地”号
模型	STD/mGal	相关系数	STD/mGal	相关系数
SWOT_02	1.21	0.996	4.23	0.935
DTU21	2.42	0.984	2.66	0.971
V32.1	2.41	0.985	4.06	0.938
NSOAS24	2.84	0.979	1.83	0.986
SDUST22	2.81	0.979	2.66	0.970

中国近海SWOT_02重力场模型精度与空间分辨率评估

Evaluation of the accuracy and spatial resolution of SWOT_02 marine gravity model in China's offshore regions

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模型	最大值	最小值	平均值	RMS	STD
SWOT_02	29.40	-25.61	0.21	5.10	5.09
DTU21	11.45	-11.45	-0.68	4.79	4.74
V32.1	41.52	-43.14	-0.58	9.39	9.37
NSOAS24	24.75	-36.63	-1.09	6.34	6.24
SDUST22	18.94	-19.22	-0.33	4.96	4.95

模型	最大值	最小值	平均值	RMS	STD
SWOT_02	25.12	-27.87	1.67	5.26	4.99
DTU21	18.98	-18.98	2.28	6.02	5.57
V32.1	33.86	-47.87	1.80	6.55	6.29
NSOAS24	33.19	-38.76	1.20	5.28	5.14
SDUST22	25.22	-25.55	1.12	5.10	4.98

模型	最大值	最小值	平均值	RMS	STD
SWOT_02	25.12	-22.11	6.71	8.65	5.46
DTU21	18.94	-18.90	7.65	10.19	6.74
V32.1	33.86	-33.38	8.39	11.46	7.80
NSOAS24	33.19	-25.35	3.18	6.18	5.29
SDUST22	20.36	-24.72	0.78	5.49	5.44

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