一种结合QR码与GS相位获取的数字正射影像加密方法

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2025.20230053

测绘学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (3): 493-509.doi: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2025.20230053

一种结合QR码与GS相位获取的数字正射影像加密方法

吴军¹^,²(), 沈伊人¹, 徐刚¹, 赵雪梅¹^,³()

^1.桂林电子科技大学电子工程与自动化学院，广西　桂林　541004
^2.广西自动检测技术与仪器重点实验室，广西　桂林　541004
^3.智能综合自动化广西高校重点实验室，广西　桂林　541004

收稿日期:2023-02-28 出版日期:2025-04-11 发布日期:2025-04-11
通讯作者: 赵雪梅 E-mail:wujun93161@163.com;zhaoxm@guet.edu.cn
作者简介:吴军（1973—），男，博士，教授，研究方向为数字摄影测量、计算机视觉、人工智能及数据安全。　E-mail：wujun93161@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42361071)

Digital orthophoto map encryption based on QR code and GS phase retrieval

Jun WU¹^,²(), Yiren SHEN¹, Gang XU¹, Xuemei ZHAO¹^,³()

^1.School of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
^2.Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detection Technology and Instrumentation, Guilin 541004, China
^3.Key Laboratory of Intelligence Integrated Automation in Guanxi Universities, Guilin 541004, China

Received:2023-02-28 Online:2025-04-11 Published:2025-04-11
Contact: Xuemei ZHAO E-mail:wujun93161@163.com;zhaoxm@guet.edu.cn
About author:WU Jun (1973—), male, PhD, professor, majors in digital photography, computer vision, artificial intelligence, and data security.　E-mail: wujun93161@163.com
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(42361071)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对网络环境下的数字正射影像DOM信息保护与安全传输问题，本文提出了一种结合QR码（quick response code）与GS（gerchberg-Saxton）相位获取的DOM加密新方法，整体分为两个阶段：①依据GS相位获取理论对DOM影像RGB通道分别进行光学处理生成3张纯相位全息图以实现像素信息隐藏，并利用Lorenz超混沌系统生成的伪随机序列对相位全息图进行置乱和扩散，借助混沌系统特性及扩散机理提高光学密钥敏感性、增强密文对明文变化的敏感性；②将DOM地理信息、用户授权信息及部分密钥等多类型数据编码为QR码（黑白图像）并嵌入全息图，再以嵌入QR码的3张全息图为RGB通道合成一张无意义的白噪声彩色图像作为最后密文。针对不同场景DOM的试验结果表明，本文方法可实现DOM影像信息与地理信息的统一加密、传输；解密图像保真度高，峰值信噪比超过39 dB且相邻像素相关性、信息熵、像素数改变率和归一化改变强度等评价指标上均接近理想值；除混沌系统密钥外，GS光学参数（衍射距离、参考光波长）作为关键密钥增大了密钥空间（约为10¹⁴¹），对唯密文攻击、已知明文攻击、选择明文攻击、选择密文攻击和噪声攻击等均具有良好的稳健性，对于包括DOM在内的栅格地理数据保护与安全传输具有重要应用价值。

关键词: 数字正射影像, QR码, GS相位获取, 光学加密, 混沌加密

Abstract:

To address the protection and secure transmission of digital orthophoto map (DOM) information in network environments, this study proposes a novel DOM encryption method that combines QR code and GS phase retrieval in two stages: ① The image data (RGB channels) of the DOM is encoded using the GS algorithm to generate three phase-only holograms. These holograms are scrambled and diffused using pseudorandom sequences generated by the Lorenz hyperchaotic system, enhancing the sensitivity of the optical keys and the ciphertext's sensitivity to plaintext changes through chaotic system properties and diffusion mechanisms. ② The geographic information of the DOM, along with partial keys and user authorization information, are encoded into a QR code and embedded into the three phase-only holograms. The three holograms with embedded QR codes are then synthesized into a meaningless white noise color image, serving as the final ciphertext. Experimental results for DOM in different scenes demonstrate that this method achieves unified encryption of both the DOM image data and geographic information. The decrypted images are highly consistent with the original plaintext images, achieving a peak signal-to-noise ratio of over 39 dB. Evaluation metrics including the correlation coefficient, structural similarity index measure, change rate of pixel number, and normalized change intensity, are close to their ideal values, outperforming existing methods. In addition to traditional chaos parameters, the GS parameters, such as diffraction distance and reference light wavelength, serve as the key, ensuring the method has a large key space (approximately 10¹⁴¹). Minor changes to the plaintext completely alter the ciphertext, and pixel values are statistically independent. The method exhibits strong robustness against ciphertext-only attacks, known-plaintext attacks, chosen-plaintext attacks, chosen-ciphertext attacks, and noise attacks, making it highly valuable for the protection and secure transmission of raster geographic data, including DOM.

Key words: digital orthophoto map, QR code, GS phase retrieval, optical encryption, chaos encryption

中图分类号:

P237

吴军, 沈伊人, 徐刚, 赵雪梅. 一种结合QR码与GS相位获取的数字正射影像加密方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2025, 54(3): 493-509.

Jun WU, Yiren SHEN, Gang XU, Xuemei ZHAO. Digital orthophoto map encryption based on QR code and GS phase retrieval[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2025, 54(3): 493-509.

图/表 20

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规格序号	国标规格			相位图替换区域尺寸
规格序号	QR码尺寸	L级	H级	相位图替换区域尺寸
1	21×21	152	72	24×24
2	29×29	440	208	32×32
3	45×45	1248	528	48×48
4	61×61	2592	1120	64×64
5	93×93	6360	2728	96×96
6	125×125	11 744	5024	128×128
7	177×177	23 648	10 208	256×256

影像	λ	Z_R	Z_G	Z_B	x₀	y₀	z₀	w₀
Dom1	655	1000	1400	1800	3	1	4	2
Dom2	532	1100	1600	2100	-5	6	4	-1
Dom3	473	1200	1700	2200	2	8	4	6

影像	CC	PSNR/d B	SSIM
Dom1	0.991 5	32.165 4	0.992 2
Dom2	0.996 8	30.446 8	0.997 2
Dom3	0.996 6	34.751 9	0.998 5

影像	NPCR			UACI
影像	R	G	B	R	G	B
Dom1	99.588 3	99.586 4	99.585 2	33.437 3	33.423 4	33.412 6
Dom2	99.604 7	99.599 5	99.605 9	33.432 0	33.429 1	33.435 6
Dom3	99.601 8	99.604 9	99.608 8	33.416 1	33.429 2	33.422 0
文献[37]	99.568 7	99.554 4	99.578 9	33.410 0	33.454 9	33.440 9

密文图像	水平方向	垂直文献	对角方向
Dom1	-0.005 7	-0.002 9	0.003 9
Dom2	-0.002 9	-0.002 4	-0.000 1
Dom3	0.003 6	-0.001 0	-0.000 5
文献[12]	0.033 4	0.024 8	0.028 8
文献[37]	0.000 5	0.004 3	0.006 3
文献[38]	0.069 3	0.061 0	-0.024 2

一种结合QR码与GS相位获取的数字正射影像加密方法

Digital orthophoto map encryption based on QR code and GS phase retrieval

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图/表 20

参考文献 39

相关文章 15

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Metrics

本文评价

影像	明文图像	水平方向	垂直文献	对角方向
Dom1	R Channel	0.950 2	0.998 4	0.950 4
	G Channel	0.959 5	0.998 3	0.959 6
	B Channel	0.971 6	0.998 7	0.971 4
	POH	-0.013 1	-0.009 3	-0.011 4
Dom2	R Channel	0.795 2	0.994 5	0.795 2
	G Channel	0.818 9	0.995 0	0.819 1
	B Channel	0.826 7	0.995 2	0.826 8
	POH	0.011 9	-0.010 8	0.014 3
Dom3	R Channel	0.907 6	0.999 3	0.907 8
	G Channel	0.932 0	0.999 3	0.932 0
	B Channel	0.912 6	0.999 3	0.912 4
	POH	-0.003 9	-0.013 0	-0.016 1

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