机载激光测深波形分解中LM与EM参数优化方法比较

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2020.20180242

测绘学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (1): 117-131.doi: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2020.20180242

机载激光测深波形分解中LM与EM参数优化方法比较

郭锴^1,2, 刘焱雄¹, 徐文学¹, 何秀凤³, 张子引⁴, 刘海涛⁵

1. 自然资源部第一海洋研究所, 山东青岛 266061;
2. 深圳大学海岸带地理环境监测自然资源部重点实验室, 广东深圳 518060;
3. 河海大学地球科学与工程学院, 江苏南京 210098;
4. 国网经济技术研究院有限公司, 北京 102209;
5. 国网山东省电力公司经济技术研究院, 山东济南 250022

收稿日期:2018-05-23 修回日期:2019-04-14 发布日期:2020-01-16
通讯作者: 徐文学 E-mail:xuwx@fio.org.cn
作者简介:郭锴(1987-),男,博士,研究方向为机载激光测深数据处理及应用、海陆一体化测量。E-mail:guokai4545@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（41871381；41401537）；国家电网公司科技项目（JYYKJXM[2017]003）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金（2015P13）

Comparison of LM and EM parameter optimization methods for airborne laser bathymetric full-waveform decomposition

GUO Kai^1,2, LIU Yanxiong¹, XU Wenxue¹, HE Xiufeng³, ZHANG Ziyin⁴, LIU Haitao⁵

1. The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061 China;
2. Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Coastal Zone of the Ministry of Natural Resources, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
3. School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China;
4. State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102209, China;
5. Economic and Technology Research Institute of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company, Jinan 250022, China

Received:2018-05-23 Revised:2019-04-14 Published:2020-01-16
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41871381;41401537);The Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China (No. JYYKJXM [2017] 003);The Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China (No. 2015P13)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 受作业环境与扫描条件的影响，机载激光测深全波形数据处理所得的参数分量初值精度通常较低，需采用优化方法在此基础上进一步调整分量参数以提高波形分解精度。本文代表性地选取了非线性阻尼最小二乘方法（Levenberg-Marquardt，LM）和期望最大化方法（expectation-maximization，EM）两种不同的参数优化方案，针对机载激光测深全波形数据的波形分解参数优化问题，结合实测和模拟波形数据对两种优化方法在相同初值条件下的波形模拟精度、扫描条件及其响应，以及水深估计偏差等方面的特征进行了详细的对比分析，着重探讨了两种参数优化方法所得结果的准确度与稳定性，并对其主要技术特征与效果差异进行了总结。

关键词: 机载激光测深, 水下地形, 海洋测绘, 非线性阻尼最小二乘方法, 期望最大化方法

Abstract: As operating environment and scanning conditions would affect the accuracy of the parameters of initial waveform decomposition, it is necessary to use some optimization method to adjust the initial parameters for making the results more precise. With the measured and simulated data, the strategies of Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) and expectation-maximization (EM) have been chosen typically in this paper. It is studied that the features of the waveform fitting precision, the scanning condition response and the depth of the deviation in the same initial parameters condition. The accuracy and stability of the data processing results has been discussed in detail, and the main technical features and the difference of the results of the two methods has been summarized in this paper.

Key words: airborne laser bathymetry, underwater topographic survey, hydrographic surveying, Levenberg-Marquardt, expectation-maximization

中图分类号:

P229.1

郭锴, 刘焱雄, 徐文学, 何秀凤, 张子引, 刘海涛. 机载激光测深波形分解中LM与EM参数优化方法比较[J]. 测绘学报, 2020, 49(1): 117-131.

GUO Kai, LIU Yanxiong, XU Wenxue, HE Xiufeng, ZHANG Ziyin, LIU Haitao. Comparison of LM and EM parameter optimization methods for airborne laser bathymetric full-waveform decomposition[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2020, 49(1): 117-131.

参考文献

[1] 徐啟阳, 杨坤涛, 王新兵, 等. 蓝绿激光雷达海洋探测[M]. 北京:国防工业出版社, 2002:290. XU Qiyang, YANG Kuntao, WANG Xinbing, et al. Blue-green LiDAR ocean survey[M]. Beijing:National Defend Industry Press, 2002:290.
[2] 刘焱雄, 郭锴, 何秀凤, 等. 机载激光测深技术及其研究进展[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2017, 42(9):1185-1194. LIU Yanxiong, GUO Kai, HE Xiufeng, et al. Research progress of airborne laser bathymetry technology[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2017, 42(9):1185-1194.
[3] GUENTHER G, THOMAS R. System design and performance factors for airborne laser hydrography[C]//Proceedings of OCEANS'83. San Francisco, CA:IEEE, 1983:425-430.
[4] QUADROS N D, COLLIER P A, FRASER C S. Integration of bathymetric and topographic LiDAR:a preliminary investigation[J]. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2008, 37(1):1299-1304.
[5] ZHAO Jianhu, ZHAO Xinglei, ZHANG Hongmei, et al. Shallow water measurements using a single green laser corrected by building a near water surface penetration model[J]. Remote Sensing, 2017, 9(5):426.
[6] ZHAO Jianhu, ZHAO Xinglei, ZHANG Hongmei, et al. Improved model for depth bias correction in airborne LiDAR bathymetry systems[J]. Remote Sensing, 2017, 9(7):710.
[7] JUTZI B, STILLA U. Waveform processing of laser pulses for reconstruction of surfaces in urban areas[C]//Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium:Remote Sensing and Data Fusion in Urban Areas.[S.l.]:International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2005.
[8] WAGNER W, ULLRICH A, DUCIC V, et al. Gaussian decomposition and calibration of a novel small-footprint full-waveform digitising airborne laser scanner[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2006, 60(2):100-112.
[9] 王成, 习晓环, 骆社周, 等. 星载激光雷达数据处理与应用[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2015:52-69. WANG Cheng, XI Xiaohuan, LUO Shezhou, et al. Data processing and application of the space-borne LIDAR[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2015:52-69.
[10] CHAUVE A, MALLET C, BRETAR F, et al. Processing full-waveform LiDAR data:modelling raw signals[C]//Proceedings of 2007 International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Espoo:IAPRS, 2007:102-107.
[11] ABDALLAH H, BAILLY J S, BAGHDADI N N, et al. Potential of space-borne LiDAR sensors for global bathymetry in coastal and inland waters[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2013, 6(1):202-216.
[12] ABADY L, BAILLY J S, BAGHDADI N, et al. Assessment of quadrilateral fitting of the water column contribution in LiDAR waveforms on bathymetry estimates[J]. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2014, 11(4):813-817.
[13] HOFTON M A, MINSTER J B, BLAIR J B. Decomposition of laser altimeter waveforms[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2000, 38(4):1989-1996.
[14] ZWALLY H J, SCHUTZ B, ABDALATI W, et al. ICEsat's laser measurements of polar ice, atmosphere, ocean, and land[J]. Journal of Geodynamics, 2002, 34(3-4):405-445.
[15] ABDALLAH H, BAGHDADI N, BAILLY J S, et al. Wa-LiD:a new LiDAR simulator for waters[J]. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2012, 9(4):744-748.
[16] WANG Chisheng, LI Qingquan, LIU Yanxiong, et al. A comparison of waveform processing algorithms for single-wavelength LiDAR bathymetry[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2015, 101(3):22-35.
[17] 王丹菂, 徐青, 邢帅, 等. 机载激光测深去卷积信号提取方法的比较[J]. 测绘学报, 2018, 47(2):161-169. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2018.20170501. WANG Dandi, XU Qing, XING Shuai, et al. Comparison of signal extraction method for airborne LiDAR bathymetry based on deconvolution[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2018, 47(2):161-169. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2018.20170501.
[18] WONG H, ANTONIOU A. Characterization and decomposition of waveforms for LARSEN 500 airborne system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1991, 29(6):912-921.
[19] PERSSON Å, SÖDERMAN U, TÖPEL J, et al. Visualization and analysis of full-waveform airborne laser scanner data[C]//Proceedings of ISPRS Workshop Laser Scanning 2005. Enschede:ISPRS, 2005:103-108.
[20] 李奇, 马洪超. 基于激光雷达波形数据的点云生产[J]. 测绘学报, 2008, 37(3):349-354. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1595.2008.03.014. LI Qi, MA Hongchao. The study of point-cloud production method based on waveform laser scanner data[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2008, 37(3):349-354. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1595.2008.03.014.
[21] 李鹏程, 徐青, 邢帅, 等. 采用Levenberg Marquardt的逐步递进波形分解方法[J]. 测绘科学技术学报, 2015, 32(3):256-260, 265. LI Pengcheng, XU Qing, XING Shuai, et al. Step progressive decomposition of full waveform data using Levenberg Marquardt[J]. Journal of Geomatics Science and Technology, 2015, 32(3):256-260, 265.
[22] 李鹏程, 徐青, 邢帅, 等. 全局收敛LM的激光雷达波形数据分解方法[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2015, 44(8):2262-2267. LI Pengcheng, XU Qing, XING Shuai, et al. Full-waveform LiDAR data decomposition method based on global convergent lm[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2015, 44(8):2262-2267.
[23] 杨柳, 陈艳萍. 求解非线性方程组的一种新的全局收敛的Levenberg-Marquardt算法[J]. 计算数学, 2008, 30(4):388-396. YANG Liu, CHEN Yanping. A new globally convergent Levenberg-Marquardt method for solving nonlinear system of equations[J]. Mathematica Numerica Sinica, 2008, 30(4):388-396.
[24] 刘旺锁, 王平波, 顾雪峰. 混合高斯参数估计的两种EM算法比较[J]. 声学技术, 2014, 33(6):539-543. LIU Wangsuo, WANG Pingbo, GU Xuefeng. Comparison of two EM algorithms for Gaussian mixture parameter estimation[J]. Technical Acoustics, 2014, 33(6):539-543.
[25] PARRISH C E, JEONG I, NOWAK R D, et al. Empirical comparison of full-waveform LiDAR algorithms:range extraction and discrimination performance[J]. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 2011, 77(8):825-838.
[26] 马洪超, 李奇. 改进的EM模型及其在激光雷达全波形数据分解中的应用[J]. 遥感学报, 2009, 13(1):35-41. MA Hongchao, LI Qi. Modified EM algorithm and its application to the decomposition of laser scanning waveform data[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 2009, 13(1):35-41.
[27] 赵泉华, 李红莹, 李玉. 全波形LiDAR数据分解的可变分量高斯混合模型及RJMCMC算法[J]. 测绘学报, 2015, 44(12):1367-1377. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2015.20140501. ZHAO Quanhua, LI Hongying, LI Yu. Gaussian mixture model with variable components for full waveform LiDAR data decomposition and RJMCMC algorithm[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2015, 44(12):1367-1377. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2015.20140501.
[28] GREEN P J. Reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo computation and Bayesian model determination[J]. Biometrika, 1995, 82(4):711-732.
[29] COOK R L, TORRANCE K E. A reflectance model for computer graphics[J]. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), 1982, 1(1):7-24.
[30] WRIGHT C W, KRANENBURG C, BATTISTA T A, et al. Depth calibration and validation of the experimental advanced airborne research LiDAR, EAARL-B[J]. Journal of Coastal Research, 2016, 76(sp1):4-17.
[31] GUO Kai, XU Wenxue, LIU Yanxiong, et al. Gaussian half-wavelength progressive decomposition method for waveform processing of airborne laser bathymetry[J]. Remote Sensing, 2018, 10(1):35.
[32] 叶修松. 机载激光水深探测技术基础及数据处理方法研究[D]. 郑州:信息工程大学, 2010. YE Xiusong. Research on principle and data processing methods of airborne laser bathymetric technique[D]. Zhengzhou:Information Engineering University, 2010.
[33] WONG H, ANTONIOU A. One-dimensional signal processing techniques for airborne laser bathymetry[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1994, 32(1):35-46.
[34] WONG H C, ANTONIOU A. Two-dimensional signal processing techniques for airborne laser bathymetry[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1996, 34(1):57-66.
[35] 程华. 激光雷达回波信号处理技术研究[D]. 成都:中国科学院研究生院(光电技术研究所), 2015. CHENG Hua. Study on the signal processing of LiDAR[D]. Chengdu:The Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2015.
[36] 曹京京. Hausdorff距离的计算原理及其在二维匹配中的应用[D]. 大连:大连理工大学, 2013. CAO Jingjing. The calculation theory of Hausdorff distance and its application to the matching of 2D geometrical objects[D]. Dalian:Dalian University of Technology, 2013.
[37] 邓敏, 钮沭联, 李志林. GIS空间目标的广义Hausdorff距离模型[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2007, 32(7):641-645. DENG Min, NIU Shulian, LI Zhilin. A generalized Hausdorff distance for spatial objects in GIS[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2007, 32(7):641-645.
[38] YANG Fanlin, SU Dianpeng, MA Yue, et al. Refraction correction of airborne LiDAR bathymetry based on sea surface profile and ray tracing[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2017, 55(11):6141-6149.
[39] SU Dianpeng, YANG Fanlin, MA Yue, et al. Classification of coral reefs in the South China Sea by combining airborne LiDAR bathymetry bottom waveforms and bathymetric features[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2019, 57(2):815-828.
[40] IHO. IHO standards for hydrographic surveys[R]. Monaco:International Hydrographic Bureau, 2008.

机载激光测深波形分解中LM与EM参数优化方法比较

Comparison of LM and EM parameter optimization methods for airborne laser bathymetric full-waveform decomposition

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 11

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	单杰, 田祥希, 李爽, 李韧菲. 星载激光测高技术进展[J]. 测绘学报, 2022, 51(6): 964-982.
[2]	王丹菂, 邢帅, 徐青, 林雨准, 李鹏程. 单频机载激光测深海陆回波自动分类方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2022, 51(5): 750-761.
[3]	宋越, 李厚朴, 翟国君. 机载激光测深波形去噪算法对比分析[J]. 测绘学报, 2021, 50(2): 270-278.
[4]	王丹菂, 徐青, 邢帅, 林雨准, 李鹏程. 一种由粗到精的机载激光测深信号检测方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2018, 47(8): 1148-1159.
[5]	王丹菂, 徐青, 邢帅, 林雨准, 李鹏程. 机载激光测深去卷积信号提取方法的比较[J]. 测绘学报, 2018, 47(2): 161-169.
[6]	丁凯, 李清泉, 朱家松, 汪驰升, 管明雷, 崔扬, 杨超, 徐天. 运用MODIS遥感数据评测南海北部区域机载激光雷达测深系统参数[J]. 测绘学报, 2018, 47(2): 180-187.
[7]	翟国君, 黄谟涛. 海洋测量技术研究进展与展望[J]. 测绘学报, 2017, 46(10): 1752-1759.
[8]	杨元喜, 徐天河, 薛树强. 我国海洋大地测量基准与海洋导航技术研究进展与展望[J]. 测绘学报, 2017, 46(1): 1-8.
[9]	申二华, 张永生, 李凯. 圆扫描式机载激光测深系统检校模型及仿真分析[J]. 测绘学报, 2016, 45(8): 943-951.
[10]	曹彬才, 邱振戈, 朱述龙, 涂辛茹, 曹芳, 曹斌. 高分辨率卫星立体双介质浅水水深测量方法[J]. 测绘学报, 2016, 45(8): 952-963.
[11]	李凯, 张永生, 童晓冲, 申二华. 定角圆锥扫描式机载激光测深系统定位模型与精度评价[J]. 测绘学报, 2016, 45(4): 425-433.