Co-seismic Displacement of the 25 April 2015 Nepal Ms8.1 Earthquake Effects on the China's Mount Everest Area Derived from GNSS Data Using the PPP Network Solution by UPD Ambiguity Fixed Technology

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2016.F036

Abstract

Abstract:

Co-seismic displacement of the GNSS stations in areas surrounding the earthquake are accurately obtained using UPD (uncalibrated phase delay) ambiguity fixed technology without having to consider the effects of earthquake on the GNSS baseline calculating. During the 25 April 2015 Nepal Ms8.1 seismological GNSS data from the National Datum Engineering of China, the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China and the Mount Everest GNSS stations are calculated using UPD ambiguity fixed technology, then co-seismic displacement field of the China's Mount Everest and surrounding areas are derived and analyzed. Firstly, the UPD of wide-lane and narrow lane are estimated using the uniform distribution National GNSS and the surrounding IGS stability stations away from the seismic zones. Secondly, the float carrier phase ambiguities from each GNSS station in the seismic zones are fixed using the UPD of wide-lane and narrow until all the GNSS station are completed. Then whole network GNSS station coordinates are just only estimated using the accurately phase observations without ambiguity form all the GNSS stations. The GNSS data from IGS stations are used to verify the precision of the above method. Finally, Co-seismic displacement field of the China's Mount Everest are derived and particularly analyzed. From 2005 to 2015 year the displacement of China's Mount Everest are showed. Meanwhlile, this paper provides a precise and reliable method to monitor earthquake.

Key words: uncalibrated phase delay, ambiguity, precise point positioning, earthquake, co-seismic displacement

CLC Number:

P223

WANG Hu, LI Jiancheng, DANG Yamin, Cheng Yingyan, WANG Jiexian, YANG Qiang, XU Changhui, ZHANG Shoujian. Co-seismic Displacement of the 25 April 2015 Nepal Ms8.1 Earthquake Effects on the China's Mount Everest Area Derived from GNSS Data Using the PPP Network Solution by UPD Ambiguity Fixed Technology[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2016, 45(S2): 147-155.

References

[1] GABOR M J, NEREM R S. GPS Carrier Phase Ambiguity Resolution Using Satellite-Satellite Single Difference[C]//Proceedings of 12th International Technical Meeting of Satellite Division. Nashville:[s.n.], 1999:1569-1578.
[2] GE M, GENDT G, ROTHACHER M, et al. Resolution of GPS Carrier-Phase Ambiguities in Precise Point Positioning (PPP) with Daily Observations[J]. Journal of Geodesy, 2008, 82(7):389-399.
[3] GENG Jianghui, SHI Chuang, GE Maorong, et al. Improving the Estimation of Fractional-Cycle Biases for Ambiguity Resolution in Precise Point Positioning[J]. Journal of Geodesy, 2012, 86(8):579-589.
[4] LI Xingxing, GE Maorong, ZHANG Hongping, et al. A Method for Improving Uncalibrated Phase Delay Estimation and Ambiguity-fixing in Real-Time Precise Point Positioning[J]. Journal of Geodesy, 2013, 87(5):405-416.
[5] CHEN Hue, JIANG Weiping, GE Maorong, et al. An Enhanced Strategy for GNSS Data Processing of Massive Networks[J]. Journal of Geodesy, 2014, 88(9):857-867.
[6] 王解先. GPS精密定轨定位[M]. 上海:同济大学出版社, 1997. WANG Jiexian. GPS Precise Positioning and Orbit Determination[M]. Shanghai:Tongji University Press, 1997.
[7] 苏小宁, 王振, 孟国杰, 等. GPS观测的2015年尼泊尔M_S 8.1级地震震前应变积累及同震变形特征[J]. 科学通报, 2015, 60(22):2115-2123. SU Xiaoning, WANG Zhen, MENG Guojie, et al. Pre-Seismic Strain Accumulation and Co-Seismic Deformation of the 2015 Nepal M_s8.1 Earthquake Observed by GPS[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2015, 60(22):2115-2123.
[8] 李瑜, 刘静, 梁宏, 等. 全球定位系统测定的尼泊尔M_w 7.8级地震同震位移[J]. 科学通报, 2015, 60(36):3606-3616. LI Yu, LIU Jing, LIANG Hong, et al. Co-Seismic Displacement Field Associated with the 25 April, 2015M_w7.8 Nepal Earthquake Recorded by Global Positioning System[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2015, 60(36):3606-3616.
[9] 赵斌, 杜瑞林, 张锐, 等. GPS测定的尼泊尔M_w7.9和M_w7.3级地震同震形变场[M]. 科学通报, 2015, 60(28-29):2758-2764. ZHAO Bin, DU Ruilin, ZHANG Rui, et al. Co-Seismic Displacements Associated with the 2015 Nepal M_w7.9 Earthquake and M_w7.3 Aftershock Constrained by Global Positioning System Measurements[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2015, 60(28-29):2758-2764.
[10] 刘刚, 王琪, 张锐, 等. 用连续GPS与远震体波联合反演2015年尼泊尔中部M_s8.1地震破裂过程[J]. 地球物理学报, 2015, 58(11):4287-4297. LIU Gang, WANG Qi, ZHANG Rui, et al. The 25 April 2015 Nepal M_s8.1 Earthquake Slip Distribution from Joint Inversion of Teleseismic, Static and High-rate GPS Data[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2015, 58(11):4287-4297.
[11] WANG Hu, WANG Cheng, WANG Jiexian, et al. Global Characteristics of the Second-order Ionospheric Delay Error Using Inversion of Electron Density Profiles from COSMIC Occultation Data[J]. Science China Physics, Mechanics and Astronomy, 2014, 57(2):365-374.
[12] 符养. 中国大陆现今地壳形变与GPS坐标时间序列分析[D]. 上海:中国科学院上海天文台, 2002. FU Yang. Present-day Crustal Deformation in China and GPS-derived Coordinate Time Series Analysis[D]. Shanghai:Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2002.
[13] 姜卫平,周晓慧,刘经南,许才军.青藏高原地壳运动与应变的GPS监测研究.测绘学报, 2008,37(3),285-292. JIANG Weiping, ZHOU Xiaohui, LIU Jingnan, et al. Present-day Crustal Movement and Strain Rate in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau from GPS Data. Acta Geod Cartogr Sin, 2008,37(3),285-292.

[1]	JIN Shuanggen, WANG Qisheng, SHI Qiqi. Parameters estimation and applications from single- to five-frequency multi-GNSS precise point positioning [J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2022, 51(7): 1239-1248.
[2]	YANG Kaichun, LV Zhiping, LI Linyang, KUANG Yingcai, XU Wei, ZHENG Xi. Sliding window single-frequency real time precise point positioning algorithm with epoch constraints [J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2022, 51(5): 648-657.
[3]	DENG Zhiguo, WANG Jungang, GE Maorong. The GBM rapid product and the improvement from undifferenced ambiguity resolution [J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2022, 51(4): 544-555.
[4]	DONG Jie, ZHANG Zeyu, WEN Hanjiang, SUN Wenke. Pre-seismic anomalies and co-seismic gravity changes of 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake (M_w 9.0) detected by superconducting gravity data [J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2022, 51(1): 63-70.
[5]	FANG Yanan, ZHU Jun, LI Jie, WANG Chong, WANG Jiasong, ZHANG Shaoyu. Precise orbit determination method for BeiDou mixed constellations with layered constraints [J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2021, 50(4): 466-474.
[6]	SHAO Kai, YI Bin, ZHANG Houzhe, GU Defeng. Integer phase clock method with single-satellite ambiguity fixing and its application in LEO satellite orbit determination [J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2021, 50(4): 487-495.
[7]	ZENG Tian, SUI Lifen, RUAN Rengui, JIA Xiaolin, XIAO Guorui. GPS/BDS/Galileo precise orbit determination using triple-frequency uncombined observation model [J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2021, 50(2): 169-180.
[8]	ZHANG Bingbing, NIU Jiqiang, WANG Zhengtao, XU Feng, TIAN Kunjun. Centimeter precise orbit determination for the Swarm satellites via undifferenced kinematic method [J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2021, 50(1): 27-36.
[9]	ZHAO Jing, ZHAN Wei, REN Jinwei, JIANG Zaisen, GU Tie, LIU Jie, NIU Anfu, YUAN Zhengyi. GPS time series inversion of the healing process of the middle segment of the Longmenshan fault after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake [J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2021, 50(1): 37-51.
[10]	ZHOU Feng, XU Tianhe. Modeling and assessment of GPS/BDS/Galileo triple-frequency precise point positioning [J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2021, 50(1): 61-70.
[11]	ZHANG Xiaohong, HU Jiahuan, REN Xiaodong. New progress of PPP/PPP-RTK and positioning performance comparison of BDS/GNSS PPP [J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2020, 49(9): 1084-1100.
[12]	ZHANG Zhetao, LI Bofeng, HE Xiufeng. Geometry-free single-epoch resolution of BDS-3 multi-frequency carrier ambi-guities [J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2020, 49(9): 1139-1148.
[13]	SU Ke, JIN Shuanggen. Analysis and comparisons of the BDS/Galileo quad-frequency PPP models performances [J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2020, 49(9): 1189-1201.
[14]	ZHU Huizhong, LEI Xiaoting, XU Aigong, LI Jun, GAO Meng. The integer ambiguity resolution of BDS triple-frequency between long range stations with GEO satellite constraints [J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2020, 49(9): 1222-1234.
[15]	LU Liguo, LIU Wanke, LU Tieding, MA Liye, WU Tangting, YANG Yuanxi. Conditional variance stationarity evaluation method for GNSS ambiguity decorrelation [J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2020, 49(8): 955-964.