Reference station position moving method for high-precision positioning and orbit determination

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2026.20260094

Abstract

Abstract:

High-precision positioning and orbit determination rely on accurate reference station coordinates, but these coordinates cannot remain confidential during real-time transmission and computation. To address this, a reference station position moving method based on spatial error correlation is proposed. This method assumes that atmospheric errors remain consistent with the original station, and by accounting for the geometric distance between the moved station and the satellite, it generates a moved reference station with error characteristics similar to the original. This allows the moved station to replace the original in providing precise positioning determination (PPD) and precise orbit determination (POD) services. To evaluate the impact of this approach, the performance of PPP-RTK positioning, network RTK positioning, and precise orbit determination using moved reference stations is analyzed. Experimental results show that when the reference station is randomly moved up to 900 m, the effect on NL-UPD and PPP-RTK positioning is negligible, and high-precision PPP-RTK remains unaffected. For network RTK, the impact on ambiguity resolution and error correction accuracy increases with moving distance. At 5000 m, float-ambiguity differences become significant, and undifferenced error correction values rise sharply, yet network RTK high-precision positioning remains unaffected, with limited impact on regional enhanced positioning. When the reference station is randomly moved up to 900 m, the influence on precision orbit determination is minimal, with the BDS-IGSO precision orbit showing the largest deviation of only 8.4 mm, meeting high-precision requirements.

Key words: reference station, position moving, atmospheric errors, errors correction values, coordinates security

CLC Number:

P228

Jun Li, Huizhong Zhu, Bo Li, Yangyang Lu, Zijia Wang, Zhiqiang Liu. Reference station position moving method for high-precision positioning and orbit determination[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2026, 55(7): 1212-1228.

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参考站类型	接收机端误差	卫星端误差	大气延迟误差
实际参考站
偏置参考站

参数	描述
观测量	非差无电离层组合
估计器	最小二乘
卫星系统	BDS-3、GPS、Galileo
观测值权	高度角定权
截止高度角	7°
卫星钟差	历元白噪声进行估计
卫星天线相位中心改正	GPS:M14.ATX改正PCO/PCV
卫星天线相位中心改正	BDS:M14.ATX仅改正PCO
对流层延迟	SAAS+GMF投影
接收机钟差	过程估计+白噪声
系统间延迟	按常数估计
模糊度	固定解

模型	处理策略
轨道积分	RKF+Adams
卫星姿态	名义姿态
天线推力	改正
地球反照辐射	改正
太阳光压	GPS:ECOM1光压模型
	BDS:ECOM2+EMP光压模型
	Galileo：ECOM1+BW模型
潮汐	固体潮、海潮和极潮
N体引力	太阳、月亮和其他行星
地球重力场	12阶次EGM

卫星	偏置前/周	偏置后/周	差异/周
GPS	0.018 1	0.018 3	0.002
Galileo	0.018 1	0.019 0	0.009
BDS-3	0.038 5	0.038 3	0.002

卫星	[－0.10，0.10]周		[－0.15，0.15]周
卫星	偏置前	偏置后	偏置前	偏置后
GPS	88.83	88.70	93.25	93.17
Galileo	90.09	90.12	94.34	94.30
BDS-3	82.46	82.43	88.86	88.82