UAV-borne repeat-pass InSAR data processing method considering motion error characteristics

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2025.20250277

Abstract

Abstract:

UAV-borne interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) systems exhibit significant advantages of high mobility and high spatial resolution in deformation monitoring along large-scale engineering projects. However, its instability in flight trajectory and attitude easily leads to difficulties in interferometric processing of repeat-pass SAR images. Based on the independently developed X-band fixed-wing vertical take-off and landing UAV-borne interferometric SAR system, this paper addresses the issues of SAR imaging and image registration that cause poor repeat-pass interferometric quality, and proposes a common heading angle fitting SAR imaging and block-wise registration method, which significantly improves interferometric coherence and deformation monitoring capability. Experimental results show that the trajectory control accuracy is better than ±2 m, enabling differential interferometry for all repeat-pass images; the common heading angle fitting SAR imaging method solves the azimuth interferometric fringe problem caused by non-parallel trajectory (spatial baselines), and the block-wise registration method increases coherence from approximately 0.6 to over 0.8. With an image resolution of 0.18×0.18 m, the deformation characteristics of two small-sized simulated settlement plates can be accurately identified, and the differences between interferometric deformation measurements and true values are less than ±2.6 mm (with root mean square errors of 1.2 mm and 1.5 mm, respectively), verifying that the proposed system and methods in this paper have engineering deformation monitoring capability with millimeter-level accuracy.

Key words: UAV-borne SAR, repeat-pass interferometric, deformation measurement, field-based simulation experiment

CLC Number:

P227

Wei PENG, Jing YANG, Haiqiang FU, Jianjun ZHU, Dong ZENG. UAV-borne repeat-pass InSAR data processing method considering motion error characteristics[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2025, 54(11): 1954-1967.

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条带号	成像方案	平均相干性	多普勒中心频率差/Hz
101648_102312	公共航向角校正前	0.64	3.87
101648_102312	公共航向角校正后	0.65	0
094132_100520	公共航向角校正前	0.74	10.31
094132_100520	公共航向角校正后	0.78	0

干涉对	试验场景变化	A板测量值	A板偏差值	B板测量值	B板偏差值	A、B板理论位移值
124010_170136	无	0.1	0.1	0.0	0	0
124010_196318	两侧木板均抽出一块	12.8	-0.6	11.5	-1.9	13.4
124010_175896	两侧木板均抽出两块	25.5	-1.4	25.1	-1.8	26.9
170136_196318	两侧木板均抽出一块	13.7	0.3	12.5	-0.9	13.4
170136_175896	两侧木板均抽出两块	25.1	-1.8	24.5	-2.4	26.9
196318_175896	两侧木板均抽出一块	12.8	-0.6	11.9	-1.5	13.4
196318_165698	两侧木板均抽出两块	24.3	-2.6	25.0	-1.9	26.9
175896_177400	左侧木板不变	1.2（左）	1.2	1.0（左）	1.0	0.0（左）
175896_177400	右侧木板抽出	13.8（右）	0.4	12.0（右）	-1.4	13.4（右）
175896_165698	两侧木板均抽出一块	12.6	-0.8	11.2	-2.2	13.4
177400_165698	左侧木板抽出	1.2（右）	1.2	1.3（右）	1.3	0.0（右）
177400_165698	右侧木板不变	12.3（左）	-1.1	13.7（左）	0.3	13.4（左）
165698_163000	两侧木板均抽出一块	12.8	-0.6	11.6	-1.8	13.4
163000_164208	无	-0.2	-0.2	-0.2	-0.2	0