展望大数据时代的地球空间信息学

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2016.20160057

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 20世纪90年代,随着全球信息化和互联网的推进,地球空间信息学应运而生,推动了数字地球和数字城市的建设。21世纪以来,随着全球信息化与工业化的高度集成发展,出现了物联网和云计算,人类进入了大数据时代。本文论述大数据时代地球空间信息学的特点(无所不在、多维动态、互联网+网络化、全自动与实时化、从感知到认知、众包与自发地理信息、面向服务)和必须解决的主要关键技术问题(全球空天地一体化的非线性地球参考框架构建技术、星基导航增强技术、天地一体化网络通信技术、多源成像数据在轨处理技术、天基信息智能终端服务技术、天基资源调度与网络安全、基于载荷的多功能卫星平台设计与研制)。本文最后给出大数据时代地球空间信息学的新定义,即地球空间信息学是用各种手段和集成各种方法对地球及地球上的实体目标(physical objects)和人类活动(human activities)进行时空数据采集、信息提取、网络管理、知识发现、空间感知认知和智能位置服务的一门多学科交叉的科学和技术。从这个新定义出发,地球空间信息学将在构建智慧地球和智慧城市的大数据时代面临更多的发展机遇和艰巨的任务,必将为人类社会的进步和可持续发展作出更大的贡献。

关键词: 大数据, 地球空间信息学, 云计算, 物联网, 空间感知与认知, 智慧地球

Abstract: Since the 1990s, with the advent of worldwide information revolution and the development of internet, geospatial information science have also come of age, which pushed forward the building of digital Earth and cyber city. As we entered the 21st century, with the development and integration of global information technology and industrialization, internet of things and cloud computing came into being, human society enters into the big data era. This article covers the key features (ubiquitous, multi-dimension and dynamics, internet+networking, full automation and real-time, from sensing to recognition, crowdsourcing and VGI, and service-oriented) of geospatial information science in the big data era and addresses the key technical issues (non-linear four dimensional Earth reference frame system, space based enhanced GNSS, space-air and land unified network communication techniques, on board processing techniques for multi-sources image data, smart interface service techniques for space-borne information, space based resource scheduling and network security, design and developing of a payloads based multi-functional satellite platform). That needs to be resolved to provide a new definition of geospatial information science in big data era. Based on the discussion in this paper, the author finally proposes a new definition of geospatial information science (geomatics), i.e. Geomatics is a multiple discipline science and technology which, using a systematic approach, integrates all the means for spatio-temporal data acquisition, information extraction, networked management, knowledge discovering, spatial sensing and recognition, as well as intelligent location based services of any physical objects and human activities around the earth and its environment. Starting from this new definition, geospatial information science will get much more chances and find much more tasks in big data era for generation of smart earth and smart city . Our profession will make great contribution to human sustainable development!

Key words: big data, geospatial information science, cloud computing, internet of things, spatial sensing and recognition, smart earth

中图分类号:

李德仁. 展望大数据时代的地球空间信息学[J]. 测绘学报, 2016, 45(4): 379-384.

LI Deren. Towards Geo-spatial Information Science in Big Data Era[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2016, 45(4): 379-384.

参考文献

[1] 李德仁. 信息高速公路、空间数据基础设施与数字地球[J]. 测绘学报, 1999, 28(1):1-5. LI Deren. NⅡ, NSDI and Digital Earth[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 1999, 28(1):1-5.
[2] GORE A. The Digital Earth:Understanding Our Planet in the 21st Century[J]. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 1998, 65(5):528.
[3] 龚健雅, 程静, 向隆刚, 等. 开放式虚拟地球集成共享平台GeoGlobe[J]. 测绘学报, 2010, 39(6):551-553. GONG Jianya, CHENG Jing, XIANG Longgang, et al. GeoGlobe:Geo-spatial Information Sharing Platform as Open Virtual Earth[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2010, 39(6):551-553.
[4] HOWE D, COSTANZO M, FEY P, et al. Big Data:The Future of Biocuration[J]. Nature, 2008, 455(7209):47-45.
[5] REICHMAN O J, JONES M B, SCHILDAUER M P. Challenges and Opportunities of Open Data in Ecology[J]. Science, 2011, 331(6018):703-705.
[6] 单杰, 秦昆, 黄长青, 等. 众源地理数据处理与分析方法探讨[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2014, 39(4):390-396. SHAN Jie, QIN Kun, HUANG Changqing, et al. Methods of Crowd Sourcing Geographic Data Processing and Analysis[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2014, 39(4):390-396.
[7] 龚健雅, 李小龙, 吴华意. 实时GIS时空数据模型[J]. 测绘学报, 2014, 43(3):226-232. DOI:10.13485/j.cnki.11-2089.2014.0033. GONG Jianya, LI Xiaolong, WU Huayi. Spatiotemporal Data Model for Real-time GIS[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2014, 43(3):226-232. DOI:10.13485/j.cnki.11-2089.2014.0033.
[8] PEI L, GUINNESS R, CHEN R Z, et al. Human Behavior Cognition Using Smartphone Sensors[J]. Sensors, 2013, 13(2):1402-1424.
[9] LI D R, CAO J J, YAO Y. Big Data in Smart Cities[J]. Science China Information Sciences, 2015, 58(10):1-12.
[10] 李德仁, 姚远, 邵振峰. 智慧城市中的大数据[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2014, 39(6):631-640. LI Deren, YAO Yuan, SHAO Zhenfeng. Big Data in Smart City[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2014, 39(6):631-640.
[11] 李德仁, 王树良, 史文中, 等. 论空间数据挖掘和知识发现[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2001, 26(6):491-499. LI Deren, WANG Shuliang, SHI Wenzhong, et al. On Spatial Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery (SDMKD)[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2001, 26(6):491-499.
[12] 李德仁, 王树良, 李德毅. 空间数据挖掘理论与应用[M]. 2版. 北京:科学出版社, 2013:4-5. LI Deren, WAGN Shuliang, LI Deyi. Theory and Application of Spatial Data Mining[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing:Science Press, 2013:4-5.
[13] 李德仁, 张良培, 夏桂松. 遥感大数据自动分析与数据挖掘[J]. 测绘学报, 2014,43(12):1211-1216. DOI:10.13485/j.cnki.11-2089.2014.0187. LI Deren, ZHANG Liangpei, XIA Guisong. Automatic Analysis and Mining of Remote Sensing Big Data[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2014, 43(12):1211-1216. DOI:10.13485/j.cnki.11-2089.2014.0187.
[14] 李德仁, 姚远, 邵振峰. 智慧地球时代测绘地理信息学的新使命[J]. 测绘科学, 2012, 37(6):5-8. LI Deren, YAO Yuan, SHAO Zhenfeng. New Mission for Surveying, Mapping and Geomatics in Smart Earth Era[J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping, 2012, 37(6):5-8.
[15] 李德仁. 论空天地一体化对地观测网络[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2012, 14(4):419-425. LI Deren. On Space-Air-Ground Integrated Earth Observation Network[J]. Journal of Geo-Information Science, 2012, 14(4):419-425.
[16] 李德仁, 沈欣, 龚健雅等. 论我国空间信息网络的构建[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2015, 40(6):711-715. LI Deren, SHEN Xin, GONG Jianya, et al. On Construction of China's Space Information Network[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2015, 40(6):711-715.
[17] LI X, LI D R. Can Night-time Light Images Play a Role in Evaluating the Syrian Crisis?[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2014, 35(18):6648-6661.
[18] 李德仁, 李熙. 论夜光遥感数据挖掘[J]. 测绘学报, 2015, 44(6):591-601. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2015.20150149. LI Deren, LI Xi. An Overview on Data Mining of Nighttime Light Remote Sensing[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2015, 44(6):591-601. DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2015.20150149.
[19] 李德仁, 钱新林. 浅论自发地理信息的数据管理[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2010, 35(4):379-383. LI Deren, QIAN Xinlin. A Brief Introduction of Data Management for Volunteered Geographic Information[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2010, 35(4):379-383.
[20] LI D R, SHAO Z F. The New Era for Geo-information[J]. Science in China Series F:Information Sciences, 2009, 52(7):1233-1242.
[21] 李德仁, 沈欣. 论智能化对地观测系统[J]. 测绘科学, 2005, 30(4):9-11. LI Deren, SHEN Xin. On Intelligent Earth Observation Systems[J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping, 2005, 30(4):9-11.
[22] 李德仁. 论"Geomatics"的中译名[J]. 测绘学报, 1998, 27(2):95-98. LI Deren. Chinese Translation of the Term "Geomatics"[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 1998, 27(2):95-98.